C O N C E P T U A L   A R T I C L E

Contributing to rural tourism: Day bus excursions

Author: Walter WYMER

Abstract: This article discusses the development of day bus excursions for tourism to townships and rural areas. Offering day bus excursions could help to stimulate more rural tourism for areas that are located sufficiently near city centers, cruise ports, and resorts to make a day bus excursion practical. The day bus excursion is planned and implemented by a value chain coalition of stakeholders which may include local businesses, local government, and local nonprofit organizations. This article discusses many possibilities that may be available to townships and rural destinations if they are able to form a well-functioning value chain coalition.

Keywords: bus excursion; value chain; rural tourism; rural development; bus tourism

Pages: 9-30 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.4

References:

E M P I R I C A L   A R T I C L E

The role of women in the sustainable tourism economy: Insights from Türkiye’s “Future is in Tourism” project

Authors: Nur ÇELIK İLAL, Hivda İLAN, Ozan BAHAR

Abstract: Tourism is one of the sectors where sustainable development activities are becoming a priority as sustainable development becomes a global agenda. Tourism, one of the fastest growing industries in the world, has a significant impact on economic growth and development, as well as on the environment and socio-cultural structure. Sustainable development goals cannot be achieved without acknowledging the important role of women. Women’s employment in the tourism sector is an important issue, and many studies addressing women’s employment can be found in the literature. However, the place of women in the sustainable tourism economy should be evaluated from a broad perspective. This study aims to determine women’s role and involvement in the development of the sustainable tourism economy in Türkiye and to understand how Turkish women the main drivers of cultural and environmental preservation in the country are. The study employs a qualitative approach based on a literature review, utilizing both primary and secondary sources. Turkish women have a vital role in the preservation of culture and the environment in Türkiye. In this context, the Future is in Tourism project, which is one of the prominent initiatives in sustainable women’s employment in Türkiye, is evaluated to reveal its contributions to enhancing women’s place in the economy. In addition to the literature-based findings, semi-structured interviews were conducted with women actively involved in the project to gain in-depth insight into their lived experiences and perspectives.

Keywords: tourism; tourism economics; employment; sustainable tourism

Pages: 31-40 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.5

E M P I R I C A L   A R T I C L E

A reassessment of the effectiveness of state financing and credit policies for small-scale agricultural holdings and rural development in interwar Romania (1918–1939): Historical lessons and contemporary parallels

Author: Sebastian DOBOȘ

Abstract: Against the backdrop of current debates on rural resilience and the sustainability of small farms, this study reassesses state financing and credit policies in interwar Romania (1918–1939). Using a mixed design—archival statistical series, reconstructed macro aggregates, the 1930 General Census, demographic monographs, and qualitative sources (parliamentary debates, ministerial and cooperative reports, and agrarian doctrines)—it evaluates the effectiveness of land credit, cooperative finance, debt conversion, fiscal interventions, and cereal valorization for small-scale holdings. Evidence shows that, although policy ambition was high, effectiveness was limited by chronic undercapitalization, fragmented collateral, shallow intermediation, low agrotechnical adoption, adverse price shocks after 1929, and persistent human-capital and health-nutrition constraints. National wealth data reveal a land-heavy balance sheet even in 1938–39; Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) benchmarks indicate modest per capita levels by European standards and weak convergence. The article distills lessons for contemporary policy: finance is effective only when embedded in organizations, inputs, and risk-sharing arrangements that enable small farms to translate liquidity into capital deepening, productivity, and income stability.

Keywords: interwar Romania; agrarian reform; small-scale agricultural holding; agricultural credit; debt conversion; cooperative; price valorization

Pages: 41-59 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.13

E M P I R I C A L   A R T I C L E

The implementation of digital technology in Romanian rural tourism and the associated challenges

Author: Elena Manuela IȘTOC

Abstract: Digitalization is undoubtedly one of the most significant transformations currently reshaping our society. New technologies, including artificial intelligence, augmented reality, cloud computing, etc., are changing the way people plan and experience travel and present opportunities not only to reach new consumers with novel tourism products, but also to improve the operations and performance of businesses in the rural tourism sector and accelerate the transition to more sustainable business models. These changes have created both new opportunities and challenges for tourism businesses, which are striving to meet consumer demands and gain a competitive edge. Accordingly, the objectives of this paper are to examine the extent to which suppliers of rural tourism services in Romania have integrated digital technologies into their operations, to identify the barriers they encounter in this process, and the challenges they perceive. The proposed objectives were achieved through direct research (a survey) conducted among rural tourism service suppliers in Romania. The paper provides an overview of the current state of digitalization in the Romanian rural tourism industry and the challenges associated with adopting digital technologies. The findings reveal that Romanian rural tourism service suppliers have implemented digital technology at a low level, primarily due to challenges such as limited financing, high costs, and inadequate knowledge. The results of this study can provide valuable information to those managing Romanian rural tourist destinations, tourism companies, and to all those interested.

Keywords: digitalization; digital technologies; tourism; rural Romania

Pages: 60-72 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.6

E M P I R I C A L   A R T I C L E

Rural and urban spaces in Romania: Statistical analysis of cultural and artistic units, cultural consumption (during and after the COVID-19 pandemic) and the current degree of digitization

Author: Alina Cristina NICULESCU

Abstract: We live and work in an increasingly technologically connected society, where the cultural consumption has changed. Some of the most obvious consequences of this digitization could be seen in terms of new forms of presentation and promotion of cultural heritage. Despite all the damage it has created, the COVID-19 pandemic has also produced a boost in the digitization of the tourism and cultural industry. The pandemic has demonstrated how important digital tools are for tourism and culture, alongside basic digital skills. Therefore, analyzing the digital transformations in cultural tourism by residence environments (urban and rural) is a must-do activity given the constant expansion of digital tools. This article investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural and urban areas of Romania, from a statistical perspective. In order to identify cultural trends, carried out both in the rural and urban environments, we will use the statistical information at the national level to analyze these phenomena, through comparative analyses, which will highlight the differences registered in the two residential environments, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The article will also include an analysis of the current degree of digitization by residential environment, in order to comparatively research the digital inequalities between urban and rural environments in Romania, the main results showing that rural areas had lower internet connectivity compared to urban areas during the analyzed period, a smaller number of cultural units, as well as a lower cultural consumption (but only in libraries, not in museums and at concerts).

Keywords: rural; urban; statistics; cultural; digitization; COVID-19

Pages: 73-91 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.8

E M P I R I C A L   A R T I C L E

Utilizing solar energy to build the resilience of energy consumers in the Republic of Moldova: Development of the regulatory framework

Authors: Viorica POPA, Sergiu ȚIRIGAN

Abstract: In accordance with its long-term strategic visions and based on cooperation with external partners, the Republic of Moldova is pursuing a strategy of diversifying energy supply both by developing energy transport networks, especially through cross-border interconnection projects, and by consolidating and diversifying domestic sources of supply. The exploitation of renewable energy sources is an important pillar for ensuring the energy autonomy of the Republic of Moldova, with the potential to bring significant benefits to the country’s socio-economic development, including through possible synergies with sustainable development measures and the adoption of development models aimed at increasing economic competitiveness and reducing the carbon footprint. Voluntarily, under the Energy Strategy 2030, the Republic of Moldova has set a target of reaching a 20% share of renewable energy sources in the 2020 energy mix, and a 10% share of electricity production from renewable sources in total gross consumption. Under the Energy Community Treaty, the Republic of Moldova committed to achieving a 17% share of renewable sources in its 2020 energy mix.

Keywords: resilience; renewable sources; stability; security; energy

Pages: 92-109 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.2

E M P I R I C A L   A R T I C L E

Managing food waste in rural tourism: An integrated approach based on One Health principles and the circular economy
in the Rucăr–Bran area

Authors: Mirela STOICAN, Carmen Corina VIŞAN, Claudia Cornelia ENACHE

Abstract: Given the multidimensional impact of food waste on the environment, economy, and public health, this research investigates perceptions, behaviours, and practices of food resource management in rural guesthouses, taking the Rucăr–Bran agro-tourism area as a case study. The region was selected due to its relevance to rural tourism in Romania, given the density of guesthouses, the traditional gastronomic offer, and the direct relationship between producer and consumer. The main objective is to identify the determinants of food waste from the perspective of both managers and tourists, with the aim of formulating sustainable recommendations applicable to the entire rural guesthouse sector, in line with the principles of the circular economy and the One Health concept. The methodology included mixed-method design with guesthouse managers and questionnaires to tourists on holiday eating behaviour. The data was collected between August and December 2024, using a conventional sample consisting of 30 rural guesthouse managers and 100 tourists. The questionnaires were designed using the funnel design, including dichotomous, multiple choice and Likert scale questions. The results show significant wastage generated by oversized portions, lack of planning in provisioning and tourist habits linked to excessive consumption. The study proposes a set of recommendations for circular food resource management, including adapting menus to real demand, reusing surplus food, composting waste, and raising tourist awareness, thereby supporting the economic sustainability of rural guesthouses and protecting the local ecosystem in accordance with One Health principle.

Keywords: food waste; One Health; circular economy; sustainable gastronomy; rural tourism; rural guesthouse

Pages: 110-130 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.9

E M P I R I C A L   A R T I C L E

Examination of glamping tourism experiences with netnography method: Fethiye case

Authors: Simge ŞALVARCI, Hatice SARI GÖK

Abstract: The pandemic process and its aftermath have encouraged tourists to explore different types of tourism and pursue new searches, and previously unknown types of tourism have become popular. One of these is glamping tourism, which brings camping and luxury together and offers people hotel-like service. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate tourist experiences by examining the comments made by guests staying at glamping businesses in Fethiye, one of Türkiye’s important tourism destinations, on the Google Maps website after their holidays. For this purpose, the netnography approach, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Netnographic analysis includes examining textual data and researching online communities. In the study, tourist experiences were divided into themes: product-based experiences, relationship-based experiences and activity-based experiences, and then coded according to these themes. In addition, content analysis was conducted by selecting comments relevant to the thematic titles. The research results are important for revealing tourists’ experiences regarding the Fethiye destination in the context of glamping tourism, which has become popular in recent years.

Keywords: glamping tourism; tourism experiences; netnography; Fethiye; Turkey

Pages: 131-149 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.3

E M P I R I C A L   A R T I C L E

The importance of events as an integral part of the tourism offer and the creative industry: Zlatibor case study

Author: Brankica TODOROVIĆ

Abstract: Events are no longer supplementary experiences in tourism—they are central to attracting visitors, enriching local culture, and boosting the creative economy. The tourism offer, within the context of modern tourism development, is both quantitatively and qualitatively diverse, aiming to develop in a sustainable way, highlighting tourism’s essential contribution to sustainable development. Tourism events represent an essential component of the tourism sector, offering opportunities to attract visitors and foster the growth of the creative industries. Tourism destinations experiencing high levels of visitation should adopt a responsible approach to event planning and development strategies, ensuring these events positively contribute to the local environment and community. This paper utilizes a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine the role and potential of tourism events in the framework of sustainable tourism development, based on a case study of Zlatibor, Serbia’s most visited mountain destination. The research findings indicates that the favorable tourism-geographical positioning of mountain destinations – illustrated by the case example of Zlatibor as the most visited destination in Serbia – enables the diversification of sustainable tourism forms beyond winter tourism. Furthermore, the potential of cultural heritage and traditional festivals is shown to significantly contribute to the sustainable and high-quality development of destinations. These events serve not only as attractions but, also, as catalysts for innovation and cultural production, solidifying their role within the creative economy.

Keywords: event; tourism; traditional festival; sustainability; culture; cultural heritage; creative industry

Pages: 150-163 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.10

E M P I R I C A L   A R T I C L E

Indicators for assessing resilience and sustainability of agricultural production systems in the North-East Region

Author: Ana URSU

Abstract: Increasing agricultural production systems’ resilience and sustainable development is essential to cope with climate change, natural resource degradation, and economic vulnerability. The study aims to identify and assess methods, strategies, and policies that can increase the capacity of production systems to cope with current challenges and promote sustainable agricultural practices that support food security and environmental quality. To achieve the proposed objective, several indicators of agricultural production, economic efficiency, policy, and governance, etc., will be analyzed—indicators that reflect the performance of agricultural systems in the North-East Region, and allow for an assessment of their resilience and sustainability. The research methodology is based on the following methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, time-series analysis, and regression methods. The study contributes to the assessment and continuous monitoring of progress towards the goals of resilience and sustainable development of agricultural production systems in the North-East Region. The information base provided by the analyzed indicators contributes to the development of recommendations to promote the transition towards more sustainable agricultural practices and to support farmers in adopting resilient technologies and practices.

Keywords: efficiency; resilience; sustainability; policies and governance; North-East Region

Pages: 164-189 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.1

R E V I E W   A R T I C L E

Environmental and economic impacts of mountain tourism: A critical review

Author: Najat MOUHOU

Abstract: Research on the environmental and economic impacts of mountain tourism has surfaced as a subject of significant global relevance over the last forty years. This study employs bibliometric analysis, the VOSviewer software, to examine the changing trends and intellectual framework of this discipline, covering the timeframe from the initial recorded publication in 1978 to the forecast for 2025. By using Scopus data, 287 refined documents were selected for bibliometric mapping analysis. The results indicate a distinct exponential increase, with a notable rise commencing in 2019, and the peak publication activity anticipated for 2025 (38 documents). The most frequently utilized keywords encompass “tourism”, “tourism development”, and “climate change”, highlighting the significance of the climate nexus in research initiatives. The most prolific author, Daniel J. Scott (H-index 69), is highlighted, though the author network is generally highly fragmented. The journal Sustainability Switzerland stands out as the most prolific publication outlet, while Tourism Management is the most prestigious. Leading institutions include the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Universität Innsbruck, with China acknowledged as the foremost nation in terms of publication volume, significantly contributing to the recent worldwide increase. The results indicate a marked and growing emphasis on the sustainable management of mountainous ecosystems, suggesting that this topic will continue to be a key area of discourse due to its importance in relation to global climate change and regional economic growth.

Keywords: mountain tourism; eEnvironmental impacts; economic impacts; sustainable development; bibliometric analysis; Scopus; VOSviewer

Pages: 190-225 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.11

B O O K   R E V I E W

Globalization and mountain communities: A critical review of Mari Oiry Varacca’s Montagnards dans la mondialisation

Author: Najat MOUHOU

Abstract: The book explores how mountain communities, often marginalized, actively respond to the challenges of globalization. Drawing on fieldwork in regions such as the Atlas Mountains, the French Alps, and the Scottish Highlands, Oiry Varacca examines the interactions between tourism, postcolonial collective memory, and diasporic networks. The work offers an original perspective on local resistance, challenging the idea that mountain regions are peripheral.

Keywords: globalization; diaspora network; mountain region

Pages: 226-233 | Full text

DOI: 10.59277/ECS.2025.30.12

The development of a software dedicated to solving fuzzy liniar programs

Authors: Ovidiu GHERASIM, Dorian VLĂDEANU

Abstract: A fuzzy linear program is a linear program in which the input parameters are mathematically modeled with fuzzy numbers. The benefit vector, the unknown vector, the constraint matrix, and the free terms vector composing a fuzzy linear program, all have fuzzy number components. The article develops algorithmic steps with which one can make a software for solving fuzzy linear programs. Even if the triangular fuzzy numbers were used in the example presented, the algorithm is valid for all polygonal fuzzy numbers. In practice elementary fuzzy numbers such as rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers can be used; the medium fuzzy numbers such as the hexagonal and octagonal fuzzy numbers or the large fuzzy numbers such as the decagonal, dodecagonal, fuzzy numbers can also be used. By using fuzzy numbers in linear programming, answers are provided to practical problems in a more realistic manner.

Keywords: linear programming; simplex algorithm; triangular fuzzy number

Pages: 5-20 | Full text

Methodological aspects regarding the use of triangular fuzzy numbers with associated variable indicators in decision-making

Author: Ciprian Ionel ALECU

Abstract: The efficiency of the decision making process and the proper management of the situations of uncertainty require the intensification of the interdisciplinary theoretical approaches and the adaptation of methods from related fields. Uncertainty is no longer treated only as a factor that generates difficulties, but becomes an instrument in the management strategies, an opportunity for development. At the same time, the advances in the fuzzy theory allow the outline of new horizons in approaching the theoretical concepts in management, the development of existing methods and the outline of new lines of theoretical analysis. The use of fuzzy numbers with associated indicators is becoming increasingly important in developing decision making methods. In this context, the present article proposes the development of triangular fuzzy numbers with variable associated indicators and based upon specific elementary operations. Thus, a new theoretical direction for approaching the decision making processes and specific instruments is proposed, which is much closer to the practical mode, depending upon an index of uncertainty adsorption and management.

Keywords: fuzzy number; associated indicator; decision-making

Pages: 21-32 | Full text

Competitiveness of the enterprise: The essence and methods of evaluation

Authors: Elena FUIOR, Tatiana ZAVAȚKI, Ion MAXIM

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of existing scientific approaches to the study of the concept of competitiveness. The features and problems of assessing the competitiveness of the enterprise are indicated. An analysis of the theoretical aspects of the competitiveness of enterprises was carried out; the existing approaches to assessing its competitiveness were investigated. The conceptual, systemic, integrated and functional approaches to assessing the competitiveness of an enterprise are considered. Based on a systematic approach, types of competitiveness are identified. The tasks of forming and developing a strategy to increase competitiveness are identified. The factors of creating a strategy to increase competitiveness and the main provisions of competitiveness as a factor of strategic development are identified. Actual problems related to competitiveness were described, various sets of indicators for assessing the level of enterprise competitiveness are described, a special system of methods for assessing competitiveness is considered. Along with theoretical studies of the essence of competition and competitiveness in the economic literature, the problem of a practical assessment of competitiveness is being discussed. The study of competitors and the conditions of competition is required by the enterprise primarily in order to determine what its advantages and disadvantages are compared to competitors, and to draw conclusions for developing its own successful competitive strategy and maintaining competitive advantages. According to the results of the study, it was found that using an integrated approach to assessing the level of enterprise competitiveness allows you to quickly and more objectively get a picture of the situation of the enterprise. In assessing the relevance of the competitiveness problem at the current stage of management, the authors emphasize the need for widespread use of competitiveness tools, as well as the choice of competitive strategies of an enterprise, while the most important task of managing an enterprise’s competitiveness in a market is to ensure that it is possible to achieve the necessary competitive advantages by various means and methods.

Keywords: analysis; competition; competitiveness; enterprise; methodology; strategy

Pages: 33-50 | Full text

Carbon markets and blockchain technology

Author: Aurora Cristiana CIOBANU JESCU

Abstract: The present study analyses one of the mitigation measures that has been proposed first under the Kyoto Protocol and what effects has it had to enhance climate action. Furthermore, we will have a look over the mechanisms that have been developed for this measure to be implemented and what legal issues have appeared. The main question that I will try to answer is if it has indeed had a positive effect and if the greenhouse gas emissions have gone down. If not, can we implement a system that by using blockchain technology we will get the wanted results? By analyzing the legal barriers of applying such a new technology I will try to determine the opportunity of such a measure and the legal frame that should exist for this to function.

Keywords: blockchain technology; carbon market; climate action; greenhouse gas emission; international treaty; mitigation measure

Pages: 51-67 | Full text

“New education” and the knowledge society in the context of sustainable development

Author: Brînduşa Mihaela RADU

Abstract: Change in education is an objective necessity, determined by the transformations taking place in society – at a cultural, political, economic, community level, and these things must be reflected in the pedagogical plan. In spite of tensions and multiple conflicts, the priority objective of mankind is increasingly formulated in the notion of sustainable development. Education is trying to respond to the requirements of social development in two directions, that of educational content – which requires curriculum development by infusion, integration of new education and that of the philosophy of education – which concerns the orientation, sizing and rethinking of educational processes. The problems of the world in which we live: the crisis of the environment, globalization, poverty, unemployment, social failure, equality of chances, human rights, democracy have become problems of the education sciences, which have integrated them in what is called the new education. The school is to be the center of change, a change of mentality first, an equally important aspect, but harder to solve than the economic change and reconstruction and the institutions of democracy. The new generation must not only be educated to adapt to the new, but also to anticipate change, to accept it and to actively participate in the process, thus contributing to the construction of the future. The specificity of our world is that it is changing faster and that it puts us in the face of original, unforeseeable and even unpredictable situations.

Keywords: new education; training; sustainable development; knowledge society

Pages: 69-78 | Full text

Using second generation wiki-platform in the development of online economic applications

Authors: Alexandru COLEȘNICOV, Ludmila MALAHOV

Abstract: Concept of Web 2.0, also “Participatory Web” or “Social Web”, is known since 2004. The main characteristics of Web 2.0 are wide participation of users in creation of the site content, and great interoperability, i.e., compatibility with other systems. The work discusses the essential aspects of implementation of online economic applications under XWiki. XWiki is a second generation Wiki system with all main features from Web 2.0. We take as an example an application that provides online audit and econometric calculations over the user’s data on a specific enterprise (micro-economic analysis of gender equality on labour market). Calculations include data grouping, statistics, extended Mincer’s equation, Duncan index of dissimilarity, the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition.

Keywords: online economic application; Wiki system; online audit; econometric calculation; gender equality on labour market

Pages: 79-84 | Full text

Experience implementing social investment projects supported by the World Bank

Author: Reghina ERHAN

Abstract: The World Bank is an international financial organization established to provide financial and technical assistance to developing or low-income countries. The organization aims to promote sustainable globalization in the interests of all segments of the population, reduce poverty, accelerate economic growth without harming the environment, and create new opportunities forpeople to live fulfilling lives. Throughout its history, the World Bank has been a fairly serious investor in the economies of developing countries, financially supporting a wide range of industries and programs. The Bank focuses on poverty, food supply, agriculture, health, education, environmental problems, and other initiatives. Despite certain successes achieved by the Bank in the implementation of its social programs and projects, its activities are often criticized as ineffective or aimed at supporting countries that do not really need this support. In addition, the World Bank exerts enormous influence over the economies of developing countries through loan conditions, advisory services, technical assistance and policy blueprints, which have similarly been criticized by civil society, academics, and developing country governments. Since the early 2000s, Moldova, the poorest country in Europe, has made significant progress in achieving inclusive growth, averaging 5% annually and reducing poverty from 26% in 2007 to 11% in 2014. During the 26 years of cooperation between the World Bank and the Republic of Moldova, a number of projects in the social-economic fields were launched and successfully implemented, which brought Moldova to a completely different level of development.

Keywords: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; International Development Association; social investment project; sustainable development; World Bank

Pages: 85-94 | Full text

Business management strategies in crisis

Author: Inga ZUGRAV

Abstract: In different concepts, the crisis management is treated as a situation of preventing the insolvency or of managing the company in risk situations. The anti-crisis management is a component part of the management, oriented towards the management of the vulnerability of the company, which consists of several stages, among them are: management during the absence of crisis, identification of the crisis and management of the company during the pre-crisis period, management of the company during the crisis period the management itself during the restoration period. Considering that the company needs a post-crisis strategy. The management as a management system under the market conditions ensures the orientation of the company towards meeting the needs of the market, towards the demands of potential consumers, the organization of those types of activities, which are able to bring the enterprise an efficient result, to prevent or liquidate crisis situations in business. Anti-crisis within the company represents an operating system of measures to reform the entire management system with the identification of probable risks, being a vital method under the current conditions. We mention that the crises in the activity of the enterprise are an objective reality, we suppose that they reflect the inconsistency of the development rhythms of the enterprises with the need to change the development trajectory under the influence of the macrocycles. The cause of the financial crisis in companies is characterized by the non-compliance of the financial-economic characteristics with the parameters of the external environment, which in turn leads to the choice of an incorrect strategy, the inadequate organization of the business and as a result, the poor adaptation to the market requirements. It is assumed that the crisis situations are positive and contribute to the formation of the tools to announce the occurrence of the “weak point” and to develop a “new development stage”. Therefore, the emergence of crises in the activity of the company is one of the conditions for its progressive growth and its renewal.

Keywords: enterprise; financial crisis; financial management; insolvency; risk; stability; strategy; uncertainty

Pages: 95-103 | Full text

Economic vulnerability: Concept and indicators

Authors: Mihaela Nona CHILIAN, Mărioara IORDAN, Gabriela CIURARIU

Abstract: The paper addresses the economic vulnerability, in general, and of the households of population in Romania; in particular, from the point of view of the main theoretical approaches and the connections with other economic concepts relevant for the assessment and characterization of standard of living, namely those regarding poverty, well-being, resilience. The analytical approach is based on a relatively expanded system of indicators gathered within a methodology taken from the international literature, adapted by the authors to the limitations posed by the availability of relevant statistical information and data.

Keywords: economic vulnerability; living standard; well-being indicator; exogenous shock; resilience

Pages: 105-117 | Full text

Globalization of tourism: Between lights and shadows

Authors: Dorian VLĂDEANU, Ovidiu GHERASIM, Teodor PĂDURARU

Abstract: The article aims at a critical and objective approach upon the relations and their dynamics between tourism and the process of globalization, showing from the very beginning that the globalist valences of tourism are included in the very “genes” of these activities thousands of years old. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that the globalization does not stand for “condamnation to welfare”. The dynamics of tourism and the comparative and succinct analysis of the specific aspects of large geographical areas (Europe, Asia, Africa, etc.) is another coordinated approach in this article.

Keywords: tourism; globalization; regional tourism; natural environment; economic environment; crisis; quantitative dimension; tradition; cultural valence; incoming tourism; outgoing tourism; market share

Pages: 119-132 | Full text

Relevant elements evolving in mountain tourism

Authors: Vasile AVĂDĂNEI, Ioan SURDU, Lidia AVĂDĂNEI

Abstract: Tourism is the most dynamic area in the tertiary sector of services. It also includes elements of novelty, paradigm shifts and repositions of stakeholders in a very rapid evolution. This is the reason why we set ourselves on resuming ideas formulated in the last 5–10 years and watching how things have evolved in well-established basins. A survey was made of the mountain area of Neamț County and a recent diagnosis was made: investments in accommodation, public catering, community events, the impact of developments in sectors involved in chains (the value chain and the supply chain), how they evolve the agri-pastoral sector as a tourism provider, etc. Interpretations and recommendations have been made in the context of the concept of “Innovation in Services” (supported by the European Commission) 4,5 and “Mountains in the Horizon 2020” (Euromontana Convention Initiative) 6. The center of gravity of the paper is to explore the application of regenerative design for regenerative development.

Keywords: mountain tourism; tourist pool; tourism policy; tourist support services; regeneration

Pages: 133-145 | Full text

Air pollution in the context of circular economy in Siret-Prut-Nistru Euroregion

Authors: Alina Georgeta AILINCĂ, Gabriela PICIU

Abstract: As compared with other current societal, economic and political issues, environmental issues have long been neglected. In the context of the need for major changes, the circular economy can be a solution for changing the economic paradigm as well as a response to the reduction of air pollution. Health in the context of lucrative human activities is still second, but the solution could easily come through the transition to the circular model by providing clean air. The European Union has set itself the goal of achieving specific levels of air quality improvement, by reducing risks to the environment and human health since the 1970s, integrating more and more environmental protection requirements into European policies. Thus, the present article tackles the sensitive issue of the air quality by revising the latest EU legislation in the matter, also linking it to a brief analysis of the air pollution in Siret-Prut-Nistru Eurozone (the part that belongs to the Republic of Moldova), and its connection with a series of economic and the health status of the population indicators in the period 2008 2017.

Keywords: Euroregion; air pollution; economic implication; social implication

Pages: 147-154 | Full text

Globalization effects on economic and social development of Siret-Prut-Nistru Euroregion

Author: Camelia BĂEȘU

Abstract: At world level, the globalization process has undergone through different stages, existing visible contrasts between different geographical areas within the same country. Globalization is a complex, multifunctional phenomenon which consists of a wide range of socialhuman activities beginning with the internal market to the global one, with the economic and political dimension to the social one, with the internal right to the international rights and relationships, national-state sovereignty to globalization. In the year 2002 there got formed the euro-region “Siret-Prut-Nistru” including 18 districts from the Republic of Moldova and the counties of Iași and Vaslui from Romania. The partners of both countries have taken responsibility in terms of common European values such as economic and social development, democracy, promotion of cultural values and security insurance in this area. The euro-region strategy comprises developing directions of this one – economic, community development, localities’ infrastructure development and environment protection for the next 15 years, respectively. In this context, the globalization level can be appreciated in terms of territorial subsystems are open and they provide access to those involved in as a whole.

Keywords: development; Euroregion; globalization

Pages: 155-162 | Full text

Analysis of gender quotas implementation for women empowerment: EU’s and Republic of Moldova’s experience

Authors: Mihail CIOBANU, Eugenia LUCAȘENCO

Abstract: Promoting gender equality and women empowerment has been one of the Millennium Development Goals of United Nations that nearly all world countries committed to achieve by 2015, including EU countries and Republic of Moldova. The slow progress towards this goal made it remain part of the UN agenda for the next 15 years. Due to that, it became necessary to analyze how an instrument like gender quotas can be used as some sort of last resort in this context in EU countries and in the Republic of Moldova. The purpose of the research is to analyze the experience of EU countries and Republic of Moldova on gender quotas as a tool for women empowerment and to see the opinions of employers and employees from Moldova on gender quotas. The research methods applied in the research include: legal analysis, induction and statistical analysis. The results of the survey on the opinions on gender quotas have shown that the views on gender quotas are mostly negative. Employers, even though recognizing their potential utility, have a pronounced reticence towards them, while opinions of employees were divided: some were optimistic and supported the idea, while others were sceptical that gender quotas have some potential for women empowerment and others pointed to other areas, like education, towards which more attention is needed for women empowerment.

Keywords: decision-making; employee; employer; gender quota; international experience; Republic of Moldova

Pages: 163-176 | Full text

IFRS adoption in Romania and the importance of auditor size

Authors: Inesa TOFĂNICĂ, Emil HOROMNEA, Alin CHELARIU

Abstract: The recent accounting regulations in Romania have made mandatory the use of IFRS in the individual financial statements of the companies listed on stock exchange. The aim of this study is to see to what extent the figures in the statements have been influenced by this new enforcement. We have studied the companies affected by this regulation and publicly traded on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. Our findings showed that, on average, Romanian companies did not comply with IFRS practices, as they prefer the practices that do not differ from national regulation. Moreover, the study has shown that the companies audited by a Big 4 have adopted practices closer to the Anglo Saxon accounting system.

Keywords: IFRS implementation; individual statement; Romania; auditor

Pages: 3-9 | Full text

What is marketing automation and how could it be used for business?

Author: Ioana IRINA

Abstract: During the past decades, technology continuously improved and developed new strategies for all existing industries, thus it built a huge product offer that could confuse customers. Marketing strategies had to align with industries’ development in order to build strong companies and make profits, so that was the starting point of the marketing automation idea. Even if we are talking about a market of billions of dollars, academic research is pretty poor on this subject, so this paper aims to provide an overview of marketing automation implementations and to explain providers’ success even if the software solutions they sell are very expensive.

Keywords: marketing automation; marketing software; business performance

Pages: 11-18 | Full text

Consumption decision at the crossroads between standard economics and behavioural economics

Author: Ileana Andra MĂRCULESCU

Abstract: Standard economics considers the consumer as being a rational human being, who makes one-dimensional decisions – minimum effort (cost), maximum effect (value, satisfaction). Using a multidisciplinary approach, behavioural economics intends (and succeeds to a large extent) to study the concrete means by which people make decisions every day, questioning the postulates of traditional economics, and adding decision-making models taken from complementary scientific disciplines.

Keywords: standard economics; behavioural economics; consumer; consumption decision

Pages: 19-?? | Full text

Sustainable development through growth poles

Author: Edith Mihaela DOBRESCU

Abstract: Propagation of growth and economic power at a global level demands for a collective management of the economic problems, this being, in the authors’ opinion, the most reliable mechanism to approach the issues and challenges brought along by a global multipolar economy. The distribution of the economy growth starts to be a reality at a global level, so that the dominant economic influence of a single country is no longer a reality. The growth of emergent economies turns to advantage the purports of a globalism which increasingly relies on growth and development poles. The global economy has never seen before such large-scale developments. Along the history of economy and economic thinking, the economic power paradigms have been designed and redesigned in terms of the rise and fall of the growth poles with the highest capacity to lead the global growth, and energize other countrieswith their international commercial and financial activity. This paper aimed to highlight, in the economic integration process, the growth poles in the local and regional economies, as well as certain important economies seen as growth poles for the global economy.

Keywords: sustainable development; world economy; growth poles; system of methodological analysis of growth poles (SMAGP); global economic governance; multipolarity; management

Pages: ??-?? | Full text

Social malfunctions at the European level

Author: Paul LUCIAN

Abstract: For most countries, social policy is a use of political power on the economic system, with the purpose of achieving certain results based on other values than those determined by the forces of the free market; as such, it is deemed to be at the heart of the ideological rift between left and right wing politics. Initially, the European social model was based on the ‘welfare’ rule; the current European social model and future models are more complex, due to difficulties both at an European and at a national level. The greatest achievement of the European Economic Community refers to the fact that E.U citizens are entitled entitled to freedom of employment and movement across the European Union. We note that often times, this freedom creates disturbances on the labor market. Free movement of labor from one area to another, from one country to another can generate imbalances in the unemployment rate. Due to the enlargement integration process of the E.U., Central and Eastern Europe need to manage social disruptions between national social policies. The European Union is going through a crisis because of the lack of credibility and confidence of European citizens in Community institutions, which led to the deepening division of European citizens on solving common European problems. As such, there is a tendency for some highly developed Member states to take a new approach towards globalization, given that euroscepticism and populism has increased among political parties; the crisis is deepened by the Syrian refugee crisis and terrorism threats. Since the Treaty of Rome (1957) was signed, all the way to the Lisbon Treaty (2007), the European Union has made significant progress on the path of economic integration; as a novelty, as the Lisbon Treaty stipulated in art. 50, a member even choose to withdraw from the European Union.

Keywords: European citizen; unemployment; Schengen Area; social protection; free movement of people

Pages: ??-?? | Full text

Are the competitor practices in the informal sector a major threat for hotels and restaurants?

Authors: Ioana Alexandra HORODNIC, Colin C. WILLIAMS, Adrian V. HORODNIC

Abstract: This paper evaluates the perceived impacts of the informal economy on registered business in the “hotels and restaurants” sector and identifies the characteristics of firms that perceive informal practices as the biggest obstacle faced in their activity. Reporting data from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys conducted by the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 11 countries in Eastern Europe in 2013, the finding is that registered firms in the “hotels and restaurant” sector perceive informal practices as a bigger obstacle in their activity compared with firms in other sectors. Medium sized companies are less likely to consider the informal sector as the biggest obstacle faced in their activity, whilst a lack of subsidies reduces the likelihood of considering the informal sector as the biggest obstacle for the firm. The implications of the findings are then explored.

Keywords: informal economy; tourism; small business; sharing economy; Eastern Europe

Pages: 49-60 | Full text

Implications of improving the quality of training human services agritourists in Southeast Romania

Authors: Mirela STOICAN, Adina Liana CAMARDA, Corina Carmen VIȘAN, Nelly FILIP, Culai DASCĂLU, Alina Mihaela IONAȘCU, Cristinel ȘONEA, Leonard STOICAN

Abstract: Reforms the last decades have changed practically all spheres of life and the activity of the rural population. National trend recorded demand growth of rural tourism has led to some organizational problems, reflected in shortage of qualified staff. A handy solution was offered the allocation by the European Social Fund, funds to train and retrain the trades, tourism and agrotourism. This research aims to identify the effects generated by investment in staff training, which is reflected in the quality of services offered by agritourism.

Keywords: agritourism; human capital; tourism services quality

Pages: 61-72 | Full text

The economic cycle and sustaniable development

Author: Viorel Florin GÎLCĂ

Abstract: In the context of promoting a reduction of people’s environmental footprint, of addressing the gap between generations, individuals and nations and maintaining economic efficiency, reaching the goals of sustainable development is only possible with a change in people’s mindsets and with communities capable of using resources rationally and effectively and uncover the economic potential of economies, ensuring prosperity, environment protection and social cohesion. The complexity of the phenomenon as a basis for economic fluctuations in the macro-system warrants the intensive research activities of the main schools of economic thought in order to explain the economic cycle, to subsequently become in itself a foundation of the sustainable development process.

Keywords: sustainable development; economic cycle; financial crisis; bio-economy; resource

Pages: 73-83 | Full text

Current challenges in rural finance

Author: Otilia MANTA

Abstract: From assessing the financing classical rural and evaluating the current situation of financing the rural world, we can say that in introducing and witnessing the intervention of certain persons to the goal of fateful building a facility for microfinance mechanism to facilitate sustainable access of rural entrepreneurs to sources of funding in a systematic and comprehensive manner, and that leads us to the development of perspective microfinance in rural areas. Microfinance solutions for small entrepreneurs (SMEs and microenterprises) in rural areas and outskirts of small towns, must be accompanied by an integrated package of support services microfinance (financial counseling, consulting and design services, care management throughout each project developed and co-financed from European funds, special assistance value chain, etc.) is a first process of the whole mechanism microfinance locally. Through this paper we try, besides a brief assessment of past rural credit, to bring to the fore the current mechanisms microfinance tailored to the current phenomenon of accelerated growth relative and absolute poverty agradului the countryside. Romania currently has over 2.5 million subsistence farms (rural households) and financialy excluded 5.5 million (the majority share of rural areas).

Keywords: inclusion; social; economic; microfinance; poverty; family farm

Pages: 85-95 | Full text

Development factors of the agritourism farm offer in Poland: Wielkopolska region case study

Author: Olga SMOLEŃSKA

Abstract: The paper presents the development factors which determine forms of leisure and recreational services on agritourism farms. Author shows similarities in terms of leisure and includes farms of the same type due to attractiveness and type of services. The practical purpose of the research is the use of the results to tourism activities in the economy of the region Wielkopolska. The data source is a questionnaire survey on agritourism farm owners in Wielkopolska voivodship and their potential customers. The methodology is based on a standardized interview among farm owners (218 questionnaires) and a diagnostic survey to potential guests (100 questionnaires). The dissertation contains also an analysis of secondary data source and an analysis of scientific and statistical documents, based on Polish and foreign sources. The analysis characterizes recreational offer and services, identifies factors and conditions for their development in the context of sport and leisure. It was found that the supply of agritourism farm activities in Wielkopolska is very diverse. These are offers of services above all such as horseriding. The diversity of recreational activities allows to classify agritourism farms in Wielkopolska in certain types, that is to say: recreational and sports tourism farms; health and food tourism farms; natural and ecotourism farms; educational and entertainment farms. However the terms and factors, such an attractiveness and potential of environment are very different for farms and areas, their development (tourism function) is uneven in the region. The offer is almost converging with the notions of potential customers but currently most agricultural sectors are in crisis. Based on the analysis it is possible to create the product brand for regional agritourism which will be formed on health and physical activity. The best way seems to be the collaboration of farms with other science and economic organisations to create a cooperative network. However, all this requires a financial and institutional support at a local and regional level.

Keywords: agritourism; classification; factor; farm; leisure; offer; rural tourism; typology

Pages: 97-108 | Full text

La nécessité d’un nouveau modèle éducatif (The necessity of a new educational model)

Authors: Emilian M. DOBRESCU

Abstract: Man cannot survive in today’s globalized world without specific adaptation within the millennial experience encompassing knowledge and new conditions for the development of life on Earth. Human adaptation to the current evolution of life on Earth can only be achieved by adapting to the present realities of millennia of human life and experience. This is possible through a new educational model based on education and new forms of interpersonal communication, non-formal education, and lifelong learning.

Keywords: education; humanity; new educational model; principles, methods, and pathways of the model

Pages: 109-?? | Full text

Academic performance: Measurement methods used in socio-economic sciences

Author: Ioana Alexandra HORODNIC

Abstract: Evaluation of scientific research is crucial, however, although numerous studies have been conducted in this area, it is not easy to measure academic productivity/ performance. The most important perspective in measuring the productivity/ performance comes from the economic field, where it is the ratio between outputs and inputs for a particular product. This article aims to address the most important elements to be considered in the measurement of scientific research: types of indicators, qualitative/ quantitative respectively simple/ composite, level of measurement, micro, respectively macro indicators and the limits of those indicators. Also, this paper presents evidences regarding academic performance for Romanian university professors in economics and business administration from North-East Romania.

Keywords: ranking; measurement method; academic performance; biliometrics; peer review

Pages: 5-17 | Full text

Quantifing the moral development of public procurement experts

Author: Andrei TABARCEA

Abstract: The process of awarding public contracts is one of the most important stages of obtaining a sustainable development for the member states of the European Union. At the same time, public procurement experts are under constant moral pressure generated by their difficult assignments. This paper is aimed at identifying the most important ethical risks that these professionals are exposed to. In this context it offers a tested and validated instrument that can quantify the moral development of public procurement experts.

Keywords: moral development; public procurement expert; ethical principle; deontology

Pages: 19-26 | Full text

High frequency trading, a revolutionary concept on financial markets

Author: Simona ADĂSCĂLIȚEI

Abstract: High Frequency Trading has a revolutionary impact on financial markets, by introducing many innovative changes – from the new algorithmic systems (robots) and network connections to the new possible risks and new regulations. This paper explains the concept of High Frequency Trading (HFT), analyzes its origins and evolution, highlights the main drivers of its development and discusses its impact on the financial markets.

Keywords: financial market; algorithmic system; high frequency trading

Pages: 27-34 | Full text

Exploring the mediating role of perceived quality between online flow and customer’s online purchase intention on a restaurant e-commerce website

Author: Daniel Rareș OBADĂ

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between online flow, also called optimal experience, perceived quality of a restaurant e-commerce website, and customer’s purchase intention. First, we reviewed flow, perceived quality, and purchase intention studies in the literature, and proposed a conceptual model of the hypothesized relationships between our variables. Afterwards, we identified in the literature measuring methods and scales for online flow, perceived quality and customer’s purchase intention, and ran a reliability analysis. In order to study the relationship between the variables from our conceptual model, we used a qvasi-experimental design. The first phase of our study consisted in selecting a restaurant e commerce website: www.pizzeriaalila.ro, and establishing a task scenario. Second phase involved data collection. We sent 3200 emails containing an invitation to participate to study, through an email marketing platform. The sample used was nonprobabilistic. The opening rate of emails containing the invitation was 28.5%, with 8% click rate on the link to participate to our study. At the end of this second phase, July 15, 2014, we received 210 answers, thereof 132 were valid. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess each component of the proposed mediation model. Results of the mediation analysis confirmed the mediating role of the perceived quality of an e-commerce website in the relation between online flow and online purchase intention. Finally, we discuss conclusions and limitations of our study.

Keywords: online flow; perceived quality; e-commerce website; purchase intention; online customer; mediation

Pages: 35-44 | Full text

Historical retrospection and statistical introspection into Romania’s convergence to the European (monetary) Union and the seasonal mountain tourism’s impact

Authors: Gheorghe SĂVOIU, Constantin MANEA, Ion IORGA ȘIMĂN, Marian ȚAICU

Abstract: This article provides a retrospective and a summary of the convergence of Romanian economy to the model of the European economy, from the transition to a stable market economy, through the pre-accession period, and also the post-accession to the European Union since 1 January 2007, with the declared intention of eventually joining the euro space or area. The retrospective is accompanied by an instrumental-statistical or reasoned introspection based on key indicators. Tourism, and especially its seasonality, is analyzed from the angle of their present and future impact on the national economy. The conclusions highlight the need for programs and policies meant to promote tourism development and diminish the seasonal character of tourist activities, with a higher contribution of mountain and rural tourism.

Keywords: convergence; convergence criterion; convergence indicator; seasonality; statistical instrument; Eurozone

Pages: 45-53 | Full text

The structure of the traditional components of the new rural tourism products: Their impact on the tourists’ behavior

Authors: Alexandru TOFAN, Costică MIHAI

Abstract: Rural tourism is presented to us as an economic activity with important particular characteristics in terms of the tourism services offers. It can be said, without fail very much, the fact that, in this area, a real competition does not exist almost at all. The provider of such services is not able to offer services that meet the quantitative, qualitative or structural level of the services offered by other tourism services operators in the region or outside it. The source of these differences is represented by the set of individual, local or organizational particularities. In this diversified structure of tourism products, an important share is held by the traditionalist component that is often the element of differentiation and attractiveness on the specific market. However, some contemporary tourists, although they state that they prefer these services with a high degree of originality and local specificity, they have the tendency to choose those tourist establishments that offer modern accommodation conditions, a well-known gourmet menu and modern entertainment and leisure services. In this study, we aim to identify the extent to which traditional rural tourism products may or may not be preferred by those that include an important component of modern tourism services. We also want to highlight those specific traditional components that have a major impact on the behavior of tourists.

Keywords: rural tourism; structure of tourist services; tourist behavior

Pages: 55-62 | Full text

Research on the technical, economic and environmental impact of energy management systems upon integrated waste

Author: Iulian CUCOȘ

Abstract: The scientific study aims to analyze the technical and economic processes, management methods specific knowledge society manifested in the integrated systems for energy management of waste, determine the environmental impact of waste energy recovery activities and propose some innovative technical solutions minimize this impact. Another objective of this paper is to establish regularities and economic implications of energy management for achieving waste electrical and thermal energy from renewable cheap thereby reducing the final cost price of energy and changing technologies that exploit renewable superior.

Keywords: waste; energy; management; pyrolysis; plasma processing; knowledge society

Pages: 63-72 | Full text

Customer-based brand equity: An innovative approach

Author: Adrian BRUNELLO

Abstract: Brands are an integral part of today’s marketplace. The area of brand equity has received significant research attention in recent years. The fields of brand and innovation management are strongly interrelated. Innovation plays a significant role in establishing brand equity. Strong brands are triggered by innovation, and they also represent a significant source of innovation. The purpose of this article is to summarize the existing literature on brand equity, customer-based brand equity, the relationship between brand equity and innovation and the influence that brand equity has on the purchase decision.

Keywords: brand equity; innovation; marketing perspective; accounting perspective; purchase decision

Pages: 73-81 | Full text

Elements of organizational logic in Romanian public administration

Author: Dorina ȚICU

Abstract: The present analysis aims to identify the features that the study on management administrative organizations develops in a context of the knowledge-based society. From this point of view, the present article aims to identify the elements of the organizational logic at this level, variabiles that, in our opinion, can be found at the confluence of the concept of management, in general, with the term of management of administrative organizations (with specific models enabled with the study variabiles: decision making process and decision, typology and construction of the organization, management of the financial, human, information resources, etc.) and with the type of decisional models (which enables new variables such as: rational actor model, incremental model or bureaucratic organization model), all of this variables applied in the counties of North-East Region Region (Iaşi, Bacău, Botoşani, Vaslui, Focşani, Galaţi, Piatra Neamţ, Suceava City Halls).

Keywords: organization management; administrative organization; organizational culture; belief; value

Pages: 83-89 | Full text

Fair-value accounting: Between innovation and need

Author: Inesa IACOB TOFĂNICĂ

Abstract: This article deals with the changes that occurred in accounting in the recent period. Although the transformation has taken place in a slow pace, it is still evident. One of the main factors that contributed to it is the globalisation. Mainly, capital markets have an increasing importance nowadays, because companies tend to reach funds from investors all over the world. Starting from ideal models of accounting systems proposed by Müller (2013), defining features of each system are described. As we are talking about an ideal system, it is obvious that deviations from it are allowed, and this could be subject for further research. Taking the described classification, one could notice the preference of the accounting regulators for the fair-value accounting, which is also accused for exacerbating the downturn of capital markets in the recent global financial crisis.

Keywords: accounting system; fair-value accounting; innovation; performance

Pages: 91-98 | Full text

Corporate reputation’s place in measuring business performance

Author: Ioana IRINA

Abstract: The growing research interest into corporate reputation is explained by its potential to create, maintain and increase financial performance. Favorable corporate reputations are intangible assets that offer a strategic competitive advantage to firms, explaining the relationship between reputation and profits. A new paradigm appeared while considering this dependence: does corporate reputation lead to value creation or does profit come first? Researchers investigated if profit is a cause or an effect of a good reputation, but opinions are different. This paper illustrates how a good reputation can increase a company’s performance by offering an overview of existing studies in the field.

Keywords: corporate reputation; business performance; intangible asset; business strategy

Pages: 99-104 | Full text

Development of quality assessment models using trapezoidal fuzzy numbers with associated indicators

Author: Ciprian Ionel ALECU

Abstract: Developing evaluation methods for the service quality has become a priority in the society based on knowledge. In this article we will focus on the assessment process of service quality. Both declaratively (political assumptions, image promotion, etc.) and in an assumed manner (by laws, methodological rules, quality standards etc.), the quality of social services is a constant concern for the managers of the knowledge-based organization, and it directly concerns all the service providers and the beneficiaries of these activities. There is a debate within the knowledge-based society, concerning the fragile limit between what can be standardized and regulated. From this point of view, the link between the need for nuancing in the assessment process and the degree of perishability of the quality features is straightforward and intuitive. By using the fuzzy numbers, we attempt to enrich the portfolio of instruments which can be used in the evaluation process of the services quality.

Keywords: service quality; assessment; fuzzy number

Pages: 105-113 | Full text

Qualitative assessments and optimal decision under uncertainty using rectangular fuzzy numbers

Author: Ciprian Ionel ALECU

Abstract: In crisis situations, uncertainty emerges as a distinct phenomenon, in which case we face both the ineffectiveness of most theoretical models of decision-making and the inaccuracy and incompleteness of available information. It is therefore necessary to intensify theoretical efforts and to apply interdisciplinary approaches and transfers of methods in order to construct a set of procedures and techniques that should contribute to curbing this phenomenon in decision-making processes. The transition from the state of crisis to the state of opportunity becomes the ground on which technocratic, structural, cultural and political approaches make a difference in managing. The qualitative analysis of the level of uncertainty provides an optimal insight into the best management techniques and methods that may contribute to achieving development objectives under crisis conditions. To conduct such an assessment process, we propose the use of rectangular fuzzy numbers. In this paper, first we develop a personal analysis of the notion of rectangular fuzzy numbers with an associated variable center of gravity and specific mathematical operations. Our research continues by the theoretical and applicable development of the optimistic method (max-max).

Keywords: qualitative assessment; rectangular fuzzy number; optimistic method/max-max

Pages: 95-102 | Full text

Demographic transition and economic growth in Romania

Author: Dănuţ Vasile JEMNA

Abstract: In Romania, the phenomenon of demographic transition has been present since the second half of the last century, having certain features also met in the developed countries: the drop in fertility, the increase in life expectancy, the decrease in infant mortality. After 1990, the phenomenon of demographic transition has been emphasized by the effects of society’s transition from the communist model to the market one. Besides the two coordinates which are specific for the demographic transition, the drop of fertility and infant mortality, the demographic behaviour of Romania also presents features encountered only in the countries from the former communist bloc: the increase in mortality and decrease in natality, which have led to a negative natural growth, the registration of a negative migration increment, the decrease in nuptiality. All these have triggered the continuous population decline from one year to another and the accentuation of the phenomenon of demographic ageing. The crisis of demographic transition in Romania has important economic and social consequences, both in the present and in the future. The goal of this paper is to highlight the determinants of demographic transition in Romania and to assess its effects on economic development by means of an econometric model.

Keywords: demographic transition; fertility; infant mortality; economic growth; econometric model

Pages: 103-112 | Full text

Classifications of foresight methods

Author: Ciprian Ionel TURTUREAN

Abstract: Foresight exercises and programs are a formal process of applying a sequence of methods. Classification of these methods is useful to specialists, academics and practitioners, in choosing an appropriate mix of methods used in foresight process. In this article we take a brief review of the main classifications of methods of foresight. In the first part of the article are presented information on stages and generation of foresight processes. The author proposes a new definition of foresight and a new classification of foresight exercises according to a given goal. In second part are summarized the main simple classifications of the foresight methods used in literature. In the third part of the paper we will be presented three complex classifications of foresight methods. The article will conclude with a cluster grouping of the foresight methods based on their role in each stage of foresight and on the type of technique used.

Keywords: foresight; foresight phase; foresight generation; foresight method typology

Pages: 113-123 | Full text

Competence management

Author: Cătălina LACHE

Abstract: Competence management represents the main component of human resource planning in the contemporary age, and is viewed as integral to employment relations (Parlier, M., Masson A., 2004). It constitutes a relatively novel approach in human resource management and is simultaneously ambitious and demanding. The issue of competence must be tackled both from the standpoint of the organisation and also individually, at employee level (Merle, V., 2003). Competence is a dynamic notion, which must be approached at three levels: individual, collective and organisational (Dejoux, C.,2001). The article outlines the results and conclusions of a survey aimed at assessing competence-based approaches in 30 Romanian firms (based in the North East region), employing 11575 persons. The research was conducted during the period 1 March–15 April 2010.

Keywords: human resource; competence; career

Pages: 125-131 | Full text

China’s rare earth trade analysis

Author: Oana Maria STĂNCULESCU

Abstract: In current times, eco trend is promoted in all areas, therefore finding alternative energy sources is required. Most modern technology that does not harm the environment is based on different amounts of Dysprosium, Terbium, Neodymium, and so on. Solar panels, wind turbines, hybrid cars and many other electronics such as televisions are using such elements. Respecting the principles of free trade, countries such as Japan or the U.S. imported from China large quantities of rare earth to pursue technological progress. However, quantitative restrictions as export quotas imposed by this country stirred panic in the world, determining Chinese rare earths dependent countries to find other sources of supply, difficult to detect and at higher prices. China’s actions are viewed with suspicion globally, because are hiding the true goals that China would like to achieve, among which is to be the main exporter of technology, or to “tempt” largest companies specializing in technology on Chinese territory to be closer of the source of raw material. But is China’s trade with rare earths effective and profitable? Will China become in the next 15 years the greatest technological power?

Keywords: rare earth; power; technology; trade efficiency; cost effectiveness; trade term; quantitative restriction

Pages: 135-139 | Full text

Volunteering landmarks among college students

Authors: Florica ȘTEFĂNESCU, Claudia OSVAT

Abstract: The study addresses the issue of volunteering from the perspective of student participation in volunteer activities and the outcomes of such activities, in a faculty of social and human sciences. The paper is based on research literature and substantiates a research study among students of the aforementioned faculty. The conclusions summarize the results of the research and reflect the characteristics of student participation in volunteer activities, as well as the provisions necessary for the promotion of volunteer work among the youth.

Keywords: volunteering; student; activity; outcome; provision

Pages: 141-149 | Full text

Characteristics of pacient satisfaction

Authors: Daniel BOLDUREANU, Teodor PĂDURARU, Gabriela BOLDUREANU

Abstract: Satisfaction depends on the perceived performance of the product and the buyer’s expectations. Patients’ satisfaction is the trust built between doctor and patient and is perceived by the patient as a demonstration of skills in the field of health care provider. The concept of patients’ satisfaction involves a series of limitations, especially in that the patients’ satisfaction is subjective, taking less than concrete results. Thus appear the concept of patient dissatisfaction and dissatisfaction sources differ on the national and global levels.

Keywords: patient satisfaction; patient dissatisfaction; limitation

Pages: 151-154 | Full text

Integrated sustainable development and energy resource planning

Author: Virgiliu NICULA

Abstract: Integrated sustainable development of a country cannot be conceived and begun without considering in an intricate tandem environmental protection and economic development. No one can exist without a natural material support of the life he or she enjoys. All economic development plans must include environmental and human civilization’s protection implicitly. Integrated resource planning must be done in an absolutely judicious manner, so we can all leave as a legacy for future generations both a clean environment, as well as a healthy and prosperous human civilization.

Keywords: sustainable development; environmental protection; integrated resource planning; energy type; energy quality

Pages: 155-164 | Full text

Significance of institutions: Conceptual delimitations and typology

Author: Ioan POPESCU

Abstract: The specific achievements of recent economic theory in the analysis of institutions and alternative institutional structures implications on economic performance have created the possibility of building a core of institutional aspects for the economic research. Integrating research institutions in general economic horizon creates the possibility of reassessing disciplinary boundaries between social sciences. Also, we can expect reconciliation of the economic theory “imperialism” with the same trends, no less important, from other disciplines and fields of social analysis. Ultimately, social science analytical concern has its source, in fact, in the same framework of human action analysis and social phenomena resulting from its manifestation. Understanding human behavior and institutions mutuality, the economic and political implications of this interdependence, increased the importance of institutions and institutional analysis in economic theory.

Keywords: economic theory; institution analysis; economic performance; social analysis

Pages: 165-170 | Full text

Romanian consumer: From the communist-era brand to the capitalist-era brand

Authors: Adriana MANOLICĂ, Teodora ROMAN, Maria Andreea DĂMĂTĂR

Abstract: Before 1989, the brands have known a limited and imposed development. Along with the transition to capitalism, these brands have also undergone a transaction in the property of other persons (either natural or legal). The desire of new owners to positioning communist brands on the capitalist market involved adapting to new market rules. In order the products be promoted, creative ideas that change the original image products have been proposed. There have been changes in the packaging, slogan or even name of the product. The attempts of rehabilitation and placement of brands in the new socio-economic context have shown that several features acquired by the product during the communist period contribute to the product pulse of life, and denying them would mean failure of the product. Marketers have noticed some behavioral trends manifested in a capitalist economy by the consumer who in the past has experienced the communist regime. They talk about the existence of a nostalgic feeling of the people who lived in a communist regime. Such a nostalgic feeling makes the consumer to choose (from a wide variety of offers available for a category of products) particularly the product used during the communist era, due to the memories that are related to that product. Demonstrating the influence of nostalgia on customers consumptional behavior provides an important resource that can be exploited by marketers in the product marketing strategies.

Keywords: communist-era brand; capitalist-era brand; nostalgic consumer

Pages: 171-177 | Full text

International trade of the European Union’s countries: A comparative analysis

Author: Elena Daniela VIORICĂ

Abstract: This paper’s main objective is to comparatively identify the groups of EU countries that have similar characteristics regarding the international trade performance indicators, for 2007, before the economic crisis burst, and 2009, the lowest point of the economic crisis, when the international trade suffered the most important decline in export’s volume according to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) report on International Trade in 2010. Using the factorial analysis, we construct an international trade map for 2007 and 2009, and we evaluate the differences between the two moments and define profiles for the aforementioned years. The paper is structured into 2 main parts. The first part deals with the data and methodology used, and in the second part we present the analysis to which we identify the similar groups of countries in terms of international trade performance and, then,we present the 2007 and 2009 trade profiles based on the international trade statistics provided by the main specialised institutes.

Keywords: international trade; EU country; factor analysis; economic crisis

Pages: 179-187 | Full text

Perspectives of the implementation of health accounts related to health and safety at work, part of the national system accounts in Romania

Author: Carmen Luiza COSTULEANU

Abstract: The primary goal of this paper is the current state and prospects of implementation of satellite accounts in National Accounts System in Romania to meet certain specific needs in terms of data, in line with EU requirements, namely the Regulation (EC) no. 2223/96 of the Council from June 25th 1996 on the European System of National and Regional Accounts in the Community (OJ L 310, 30.11.1996), as amended (1998-2009). This regulation basically refers to specific information relevant and provided at EU level: analysis of the role of tourism in national economy; cost analysis and financing of healthcare; analyzing the importance of research and development and of human resources for the national economy; analysis of revenue and expenditure of households; analyzing the household production; analyzing the interaction between economy and environment; evolution analysis of the welfare; the differences between national accounts and business accounts; estimation of tax revenues; social economy; and natural resources.

Keywords: System of National Accounts of Romania; satellite account; health account; health and safety at work

Pages: 189-193 | Full text

Strategic planning and promotion of the South-East Region tourism at national and international level

Authors: Gica Gherghina CULIȚĂ, Florentina MĂRGĂRIT

Abstract: The world is changing. World economy tends to steady state and all activities designed to preserve the qualities of current environment, sustainable development. Rural tourism and agro-tourism is one way of achieving this goal and it is relatively easy. Therefore, in this paper we argue the importance of the rural tourism for the Romanian economy, the opportunities for development and global recognition. All this because Romania is the country with the largest potential in Europe in terms of rural tourism development, both as an important source of income for investors and for the country’s budget. Therefore, at present, increasingly more people with entrepreneurial spirit and began to glimpse the potential benefits of practicing rural tourism. Existing supply is now quite varied, from the types of accommodation to location. But there are a few things missing from the landscape, to make rural tourism in Romania can become what can and deserve.

Keywords: rural tourism; tourism promotion; sustainable development; crisis effect

Pages: 195-198 | Full text

Mergers and acquisitions in the current economic context

Authors: Gabriela CIURARIU, Moise CÎNDEA

Abstract: Mergers and acquisitions are rather the result of strategic processes in a determined sector rather than individual actions of some companies. The main benefits of the merger are related to strengthening market position, reducing margins and increasing competitive pressures (often to the detriment of consumers). The main reason to resort to this type of transaction is the objective, namely increasing company value and hence shareholder wealth.

Keywords: business combination; competitive advantage; acquisition integration

Pages: 199-202 | Full text