Digital technologies and their use for the development of cultural heritage in Europe and Romania: Advantages and disadvantages

Authors: Alina Cristina NICULESCU, Cristi FRENȚ

Abstract: The Internet and the digital applications are now part of our daily lives. Digital technologies have become essential to work, to learn, to socialize, to be able to access various products and services (for business, for entertainment, for cultural tourism, for education, for health, etc.). The evolution of new technologies has generated significant changes in all fields, which has led to an increasing awareness of the importance of the role that technological progress has in today’s economy. Similarly, technological developments have opened up new possibilities for the digitization of cultural heritage, especially for the purpose of its conservation, restoration, research, but also for the purpose of expanding the online access and for its reuse by tourists. In response to the current digital challenge, this article aims to debate the issue of the use of digital technologies in cultural tourism (at European and national level), by presenting and analyzing some recent statistics in this field. At the same time, the ways in which digital tools can contribute or not to the development of cultural heritage will be researched, in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages that may arise from the online exposure of cultural resources. In this way, the data presented will capture both the positive characteristics, but will highlight, at the same time, the existing vulnerabilities and risks, in order to be able to evaluate the consequences of technological progress in the field of cultural tourism.

Keywords: digital technologies; cultural tourism; statistics; advantage; disadvantage

Pages: 11-28 | Full text

Functional illiteracy: Barrier to the sustainable development of Romania – Republic of Moldova cross-border area

Authors: Mariana BĂLAN, Carmen UZLĂU

Abstract: Amid computer science advancements, a major problem many states deal with is, paradoxically, functional illiteracy. This phenomenon accounts for socio-educational and economic problems of contemporary society that, if unsolved, in the medium and long term, can have serious effects on the future development of societies. The prevention and fight against functional illiteracy require specialized mobilization, on multiple sectors. On the PISA 2022 performance scale, the share of students with low performance in basic skills remains high, 42% for Romania and 44.3% for the Republic of Moldova (among the highest in the European Union). If the European Union is aiming to lower the functional illiteracy rate among 15-year-olds to below 15% by 2020, Romania and the Republic of Moldova are far from such an ambitious target. Both countries are aiming to lower this rate to 25% by 2030. In this context, a large part of future generations in the two countries are functionally and socially illiterate due to the lack of primary education, which will be a catastrophe for the labour market, businesses and economy in the future. We present a brief analysis of the functional illiteracy characteristics in Romania and in the Republic of Moldova among 15-year-old students. A comparative analysis of the functional illiteracy rates of students in the two countries, considering the PISA test in the period 2006–2022, was conducted, as well as of this phenomenon’s effects on the future development of these countries, in general, and on the cross-border area, in particular.

Keywords: ffunctional illiteracy; skill; education; socio-economic implication; sustainable development

Pages: 29-43 | Full text

The impact of fiscal decentralization on selected macroeconomic variables at the county level in Romania from 1999 to 2023

Author: Alina Georgeta AILINCĂ

Abstract: In addition to the information held at the national level, regional statistics can provide extremely valuable information regarding disparities at the local level. Thus, this paper explores the impact of fiscal decentralization on some important macroeconomic parameters at the subnational level. The article uses a panel econometric model to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization on variables such as employment, nominal salary and gross added value at the county level in Romania in the period 1999–2023. We used the method of ordinary least squares and the techniques of extrapolation, interpolation, and Granger causality. The findings reveal that fiscal decentralization can improve certain parameters, but at the same time it must comply with certain conditions for a substantial effect at the local level. Beyond the need for a certain level of responsibility and local institutional autonomy, for a relevant impact, the decentralization process also requires a better correlation between the decentralization of local expenditures and revenues and an effective prioritization of objectives.

Keywords: fiscal decentralization; regional analysis; public performance

Pages: 44-60 | Full text

Development of bank payment systems in the digital economy of the Republic of Moldova

Authors: Stela CIOBU, Domnica TCACI

Abstract: Payment systems represent an integral part of the banking industry. In the modern world, convenience is essential and because of the increasing requirements of people towards reduced costs, faster processing period, increased security, and effortless operation process, digital banking is becoming more and more popular among population, constituting already a significant component of their lives, what can be explained with 65.3% of customers using online platforms for financial management and transactions. Credit cards, e-cash, internet, mobile, QR code, and e-check payments are few examples of payment methods that a closely associated with people’s daily lives nowadays. The efficient and secure operation of payment systems is essential not only for each individual separately, but also for the economy’s financial system overall performance. Thus, using robust payment systems is essential to maintain and enhance financial stability. In recent years, there has also been a significant breakthrough in the design of payment systems, especially with regard to the development and widespread adoption of systems that use real-time gross settlement. The object of the study is the development of bank payment systems in the context of digital economy in the Republic of Moldova. The purpose of the research is the analysis of digital payment systems in the banks of the RM, pursuing the activities taken for the sustainable implementation of innovations in the field at national level, assuming the international practice.

Keywords: bank payment system; Central Bank; cyber security; digital economy; card payment; cashless transaction; fast payment; digital innovation; clearing and settlement

Pages: 61-81 | Full text

A review of economic data on the capitalization of agricultural goods from small-scale agricultural holdings in the Kingdom of Romania after 1918

Author: Sebastian DOBOȘ

Abstract: The economic effects of the First World War included various direct and indirect dimensions. The war resulted not only in material and human loss but also in significant restructuring of economic flows and mechanisms; further displacements and reorganizations arose from the new political and economic order established post-1918. Discussing the direct impact of the war as well as the economic fallout from the 1918 Union of the historical provinces of Romania is necessary in this specific instance. Historiographically, it is important to acknowledge that the immediate repercussions of the war have frequently been examined, whereas historians have typically avoided scrutinizing the economic ramifications of the “Great Union” and have been even less inclined to regard the war’s consequences as a cost of the 1918 Union. The significant endeavors to establish a state including all Romanian historical regions during the First World War were driven by national goals and should stay untainted by secondary economic factors. Historians` inclination to attribute the negative features to the conflict while deeming the positive ones as beneficial outcomes of the “Great Union” is, however, less legitimate. Had Romanian society and political entities not truly pursued the reunification of Romanian territory in Austria-Hungary with the “Old Kingdom”, Romania would not have engaged in the war in 1916. Therefore, we consider that it is justifiable to include the economic implications of the war as integral to the comprehensive assessment of the Union of 1918.

Keywords: economic history; economic data; Agrarian Reform of 1921; small-scale agricultural holding; capitalization of agricultural goods

Pages: 82-118 | Full text

Traditional architecture, a triggering factor for rural tourism development in Romania

Authors: Monica Maria COROȘ, Cristina Ioana BALINT

Abstract: Rural tourism has been identified as one of the most attractive types of tourism among Romania’s international visitors. Furthermore, the entire context generated by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the orientation of Romanian tourists towards remote destinations and small lodgings, located especially in rural destinations. Thus, new opportunities have been identified and capitalized upon by entrepreneurs in the hospitality sector. This paper is a research note that aims to highlight the development of a new niche on the Romanian rural tourism market. Namely, employing desk research methods, this paper focuses on identifying the destinations where new lodgings were developed making use of traditional houses, which were moved and rebuilt there. The main research question can be formulated as follows: Does rural authentic architecture contribute to the development of a qualitative offer of lodging services in rural areas, in line with the expectations of baby boomers and millennials?

Keywords: authenticity; traditional house; rural tourism; architectural heritage; baby boomer; millennial; Romania

Pages: 119-135 | Full text

Gastronomy museums as an element bringing forgotten values to light: A proposal for Sinop Province

Authors: Buse KEKEÇ, Gül ERKOL BAYRAM

Abstract: The main purpose of this research is to measure the gastronomy tourism potential of the province for the proposal of a gastronomy museum in Sinop. The sub-objectives of the research include designing a gastronomy museum specific to Sinop, determining the strengths of the gastronomy potential of the province, and ensuring that this potential is included among the gastronomy tour routes. At the same time, it is aimed to provide a perspective on the importance of opening a gastronomy museum in the city in terms of the sustainability of gastronomic values in Sinop. In this context, the study analyzes the gastronomic values of Sinop and how these values can be made sustainable. Within the scope of the research, the content analysis technique was used as a data collection method. The gastronomic richness of Sinop and the contribution of these richnesses to tourism potential were evaluated. In this way, it is aimed at developing strategies to increase the attractiveness of the province in terms of gastronomy tourism. As a result of these analyses, Sinop’s unique gastronomic richnesses and their contributions to tourism potential have been comprehensively evaluated. At the end of the study, strategies have been developed to increase the attractiveness of Sinop in terms of gastronomy tourism and to support sustainable tourism development. Suggestions include organizing local cuisine festivals, creating interactive and educational exhibitions within the gastronomy museum, branding local products, and increasing promotional activities. In addition, raising awareness and training local people and businesses about gastronomy and tourism are also among the suggestions. These strategies aim to maximize the gastronomy tourism potential of Sinop and contribute to the economic and cultural development of the province.

Keywords: gastronomy tourism; gastronomy museum; local food; culinary culture; Sinop

Pages: 136-153 | Full text

Evaluation of the rural tourism potential of a Taurus Highland: The case of Ağla, Köyceğiz

Authors: Nur ÇELIK ILAL, Işıl ARIKAN SALTIK

Abstract: Tourism is among the key sectors prioritised in both developed and developing countries due to its positive economic impact. However, the adverse environmental and socio-cultural impacts of mass tourism led to a growing interest in alternative forms of tourism. In this context, rural tourism, which is well suited to rural areas and offers various advantages in terms of environmental sustainability, is one of the most outstanding types of tourism. Located at an altitude of 800 meters, Ağla is a highland that maintains traditional rural characteristics in the Taurus Mountains in Türkiye. Alongside its natural beauty, Ağla stands out as an authentic rural area in Muğla due to its socio-cultural attributes dating back to ancient times. This study aims to evaluate the current status and potential of rural tourism in the Ağla Plateau in Muğla. Employing a qualitative research design, data were gathered through on-site observation and interviews. The data were subsequently analyzed using a SWOT analysis to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in relation to rural tourism. The findings were assessed with a focus on sustainable rural tourism development. It has been evaluated that the limitation of rural tourism entrepreneurship of the local people is one of the weaknesses, while original cultural events, especially the Mahya festival held in Ağla Highland, have the potential to create significant opportunities for the development of rural tourism. The study was concluded with the suggestion to similar destinations and practioners who give importance the sustainable development of rural tourism. In conclusion, it is recommended to give importance to rural tourism throughout the year by eliminating infrastructure deficiency, improving transportation facilities, improving accommodation and social facilities in Ağla, Köyceğiz.

Keywords: tourism; rural development; rural tourism; SWOT analysis; Köyceğiz; Ağla village

Pages: 154-169 | Full text

A study on measuring tourist consumers’ intentions to participate in unusual types of tourism

Authors: Defne EĞIRMEN, Buse KEKEÇ, Ali Turan BAYRAM, Gül ERKOL BAYRAM

Abstract: Tourists who are bored with the traditional understanding of vacation have entered into new searches. As a result of these searches, new types of tourism have emerged over time. These tourism types are gathered together under the title of alternative tourism. Alternative tourism types are known as tourism types that are shaped according to the tourism understanding of individuals. For this reason, the main purpose of this study is to determine the intention of tourists participating in tourism mobility to participate in extraordinary tourism types. Within the scope of the study, ten types of tourism characterized as extraordinary are discussed. The 408 participants who constitute the sample of the study were asked questions about whether they knew these types of tourism before and their participation intentions. The data were analyzed by applying the survey technique, which is one of the quantitative research methods. In the questionnaire prepared for the participants, information was given about what these tourism types include and how they are realized. The data obtained were subjected to frequency analysis. It was determined whether the participants knew which type of tourism before and whether they would participate or not. The data obtained as a result of the research were evaluated. Considering that consumers are interested in what is new and different, some suggestions have been developed.

Keywords: tourism; alternative tourism; extraordinary tourism type; touristic consumption behavior; intention to participate

Pages: 170-181 | Full text

Tourism trends of millennial tourists

Author: Hatice SARI GÖK

Abstract: Millennials are considered to cover individuals born between 1980-1996. This generation in literature is also described as the Internet Belt, Millennials, Echo Boomers, Generation Next, Nexters. The core values of this generation are innovation, independence, creativity, ambition and development. More egocentric than other generations, millennials are fond of brands, friends, entertainment and digital culture. Y-generation, a self-confident, educated generation, has a different perspective on business life, consumption style and social relations. In the next 10 years, millennials will make up 75% of the global workforce. It is estimated that vacation and travel will be an indispensable item for the Y generation. Therefore, it will reveal a number of opportunities for the travel and hospitality industry. There will also be differentiations in tourism trends for this generation, which prefers travel programs to have different experiences in travel and sightseeing preferences. Finally, examples of research on tourism trends among millennials (wellness tourism, camping, solo traveller, spiritual tourism and yoga vacations) were examined. This paper will contribute to literature in this subject and it can be said that this study has a quality that will lead to academic research and that it is a research that tourism sector can benefit from it.

Keywords: generation; millennial; millenials’ tourist behavior; millenials’ travel trends

Pages: 182-198 | Full text

Romanian economic sciences celebrating the centenary

Author: Emilian M. DOBRESCU

Pages: 3-12 | Full text

Industrial ecosystems as a catalyst of economic development and growth in the frame of industrial revolution 4.0

Author: Nelli AMARFII RĂILEAN

Abstract: The industrial revolutions have generated a lot of progress in production, distribution and service systems. New developments in sales, service, and manufacturing have been achieved due to the significant changes in the information technologies and the synergy brought by European integration. These advances have increased productivity and have greatly improved the industrial background. In recent years, production companies and service structures have faced significant encounters because of the need to coordinate and implement innovative models such as social networks, the Industrial Internet, Integrated Systems (Cyber-Physical Systems), robotics, cybersecurity, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing. These new technologies, fused in the term Industry 4.0, declared by the German government as one of the basic advantages for the economic growth strategy, have led to the expansion of the revolution in production and information technology. In consequence, Industry 4.0 is characterized by superior production systems, new communication, sales, and service models. On the other hand, the principles for assessing the transformations in Industry 4.0 are still unreliable, and the structured and systemic application of these technologies in national economies for many countries is not fully achieved. In this study, we propose to examine the conceptual framework of industrial ecosystems as a new concept of development and economic growth within the Industry 4.0’ achievements.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; entrepreneurial ecosystem; Industry 4.0; industrial ecosystem; operational ecosystem; technological ecosystem; people ecosystem

Pages: 13-26 | Full text

Features of tourism development at the present stage

Authors: Tatiana SĂNDUȚA, Elena FUIOR

Abstract: The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that today, in many countries of the world, the tourism industry, which includes a number of industries such as transport, communications, hotels, banks and other areas and has a high investment multiplier, is developing rapidly. The tourism business, being the leading direction of the socio-economic, cultural and political activities of the Republic of Moldova, is becoming a sector of the economy, allowing to receive high incomes. The main economic functions of the tourism industry are expressed in the additional demand for investment, new strategies and technologies for managing financial resources. In addition, the creation of infrastructure, new jobs, an increase in government revenues, and the inflow of foreign currency are being stimulated. It is based on a complex system of relations between suppliers and consumers of relevant services, between travel agencies and their competitors, as well as between business partners. The organization of activities of travel companies provide for the sequence of such stages as: the choice of a market niche; development of a tourist product; determination of the volume of services provided; improving pricing; expanding advertising and research; attraction of investments; interaction with other companies and government agencies. The importance of tourism for the economy of any country is analyzed from the standpoint of its relative share in the global volume, as well as the importance of tourist activities for the economy of each individual direction. At the same time, despite the significant potential, Moldova belongs to the region with untapped opportunities for the development of tourism. In this regard, the article discusses the problems of the growing role of tourism in the country’s economy, the possibilities and prospects for the development of tourism in the country, the key importance of the area of accommodation, as well as incentives from the state to develop this sphere.

Keywords: globalization; strategy; tourism; tourism industry; tourist services

Pages: 27-42 | Full text

Circular economy, a new model of the European Union: New measures and objectives in recycling

Author: Edith Mihaela DOBRESCU

Abstract: This article presents cosiderations on the concept and model of circular economy, starting from the positive approach of the European Commission according to which the circular economy represents a fundamental transformation to the current consumerist model that prevails in the European Union and in most other developed economies. In the mean time presented are the measures and rules proposed by the European Commission in 2018 to achieve the new waste recycling and waste management objectives in the circular economy that implicitly change the behavior of businesses and consumers. For the first time, the Member States of the European Union will be obliged to follow a single and common legislative framework. The European Commission estimates that the full adoption of a circular economy model could save 1,800 billion euros for the European Union economy by 2030.

Keywords: European Union; new objective; measure; circular economy

Pages: 43-48 | Full text

The drawbacks of the anti-crisis measures implemented in the Republic of Armenia and the ways to avoid mistakes in the future possible crises

Author: Karen SARGSYAN

Abstract: The effectiveness of the anti-crisis measures implemented in Armenis is estimated rather low in terms of the anti-crisis measures implemented to ensure strategic and long-term economic growth. Taking this into account, in order to effectively handle future crises, it is necessary to develop a set of specific criteria and guidelines for the selection of the core directions of anti-crisis measures that can be applied in the development of policies aimed at overcoming crises.

Keywords: state anti-crisis policy; economic crisis; financial assistance; sustainable economic growth

Pages: 49-54 | Full text

Strategic management of special forms of tourism in the Republic of Croatia

Authors: Tatjana GREDIČAK, Damir DEMONJA

Abstract: Republic of Croatia daily seeks to reform the entire socio-economic system according to the criteria and achievements of highly developed countries and it is impossible to ignore their achievements in the field of tourism as well. The transition to a market economy implies a thorough restructuring of the overall macroeconomic environment. The development of tourism in the Republic of Croatia should enable revitalization and long-term improvement of the competitive advantages of the entire country/state. The issues of this scientific work is to determine the specificity of effective strategic management for developing special forms of tourism on the continent of the Republic of Croatia. The aim of this paper is to present reference points based on which the scientific knowledge in practical terms will contribute to the concrete improvement of tourism resource management in the tourism insufficiently developed areas of the Republic of Croatia, and thus the intensification of the overall social and economic development. The paper discusses the approach to effective strategic management of special forms of tourism aimed at sustainable tourism development as well as the overall and equitable economic and social development.

Keywords: strategy; management; tourism; continent; efficiency; sustainable development

Pages: 55-66 | Full text

Microfinance, financial network and globalization

Author: Otilia MANTA

Abstract: Microfinance is increasingly the most accessible form of financing for those in need of funding (over 95% of small and medium-sized firms at European level). Microfinance to reach direct beneficiaries must use financial networks. Network risk, (RRT), takes on concrete forms of action, manifestation, forms usually determined by network characteristics that are affected by decoupling, distortion, phasing out, distortion, debilitating the strength of a financial network feature. Obviously, these forms refer to the radiant impact of the institutional characteristic of the network, embodied in norms, bodies, rules, structures, etc. on the interactive features of the network. The institutional grid of the network is the force, the ability of the network’s interactive feature to negatively influence the performance of the components. Based on these considerations, the global financial network risk must be assessed in the current context of the financial networking functionality challenges.

Keywords: microfinance; financial network; currency; sustainability

Pages: 67-78 | Full text

Long-term migration from Republic of Moldova and Romania

Author: Tatiana TABAC

Abstract: This article analyses the main trends and dimensions of long-term migration in the Republic of Moldova and Romania over the past three decades. The main destination for both the population of the Republic of Moldova and the population of Romania are Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Great Britain, Canada and the USA. At the same time, very important migratory flows from the Republic of Moldova were directed to the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Czech Republic, while the population of Romania migrated with higher intensity to Hungary, Austria and Belgium. The comparative study shows that the largest flow of migrants in Romania was in 2007, the year of joining to the UE. The number of migrants was over 550 thousand and the emigration rate was 26‰. In the case of the Republic of Moldova, the emigration intensity was particularly high during 2007–2011, the emigration rate being of 15‰–18‰. Specifically to both countries are the negative net rate during the analyzed period. The results of the study show that the population loss for Republic of Moldova are higher than for Romania.

Keywords: migration flow; long-term migration; net migration rate; migration rate; Republic of Moldova; Romania

Pages: 79-90 | Full text

Economic growth modeling under government policy uncertainty

Author: Elvira NAVAL

Abstract: In this paper a stochastic approach to the economic growth modeling, influenced by government expenditure, is proposed. Economic growth optimal control problem formulation in a stochastic form is concerned. Equilibrium growth rate was obtained using the stochastic maximum principle following new approach to the optimal control stochastic problem solution, in which the stochastic dynamic programming formulation takes the form of the maximum principle. This approach was applied to the solution of the stochastic optimal growth problem of how government policy, especially as far as corruption is concerned, influences economic growth.

Keywords: economic growth; stochastic modeling; stochastic maximum principle; Itô process; Itô’s lemma; Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation; government expenditure; government policy; corruption

Pages: 91-96 | Full text

Causes that led to an inadequate implementation rate of the urban development projects in the North-West Region of Romania between 2007–2013 and the objectives set for 2014–2020

Authors: Gabriel RUS, Alina POP

Abstract: Starting from local and urban development concepts, cities become competitive through the implementation of large-scale projects that are financially supported by regional operational programs. The present study proposes an analysis of the inadequate implementation rate of urban development projects, highlighting the main problems encountered with the implementation and development of these types of regional projects for the Regional Operational Program 2007–2013, taking into account the data provided by the regional bodies regarding some counties in the NorthWest region of Romania. Thus, the problems identified during the implementation of the projects are highlighted, problems generating the main effects on the inadequate pace of adoption of the projects, for which, for the period 2014–2020, the authors, as recommendations, propose solutions to accelerate the rate of implementation of future regional projects.

Keywords: local development; urban development; competitiveness; sectoral operational program

Pages: 97-108 | Full text

Romania’s business environment from the viewpoint of the entrepreneurs in SMEs

Author: Simona Maria STĂNESCU

Abstract: The comparative analyses from the Eurobarometer 2000–2012 data bases dedicated to entrepreneurship at the level of the European Union member states and of the United States of America highlight that the three main obstacles in starting up a new business are the lack of financial support, the complexity of administrative procedures and the lack of information. But which is the situation for Romania? The purpose of the paper is to investigate the perceptions of the entrepreneurs from small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from Romania regarding the business environment. From the methodological viewpoint, the paper is based on secondary analyses of data provided by the databases of the White Charter of SMEs 2004–2018 published by the National Council of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises from Romania. The paper consists of four parts: perceptions about the evolution of the business environment in Romania, business opportunities accessible to SMEs from Romania for the current year, major difficulties faced by the SMEs in Romania, and the main contextual developments with negative influence on the activity of SMEs. The business environment 2004–2018 was evaluated by managers from SMEs as preponderantly hindering for business development. The economic environment evolved during the current year also hampering regarding businesses’ support. The evolution of the economic environment in the subsequent year is preponderantly neutral. The first three business opportunities available to SMEs in the current year were: the increase of demand on the domestic market, the assimilation of new products and the penetration on new markets. The first three major difficulties faced by the SMEs in our country are: excessive taxation, red tape, and the decrease in domestic demand. The first three elements of contextual evolution with negative influences on SMEs are: the evolution of the legal framework, excessive bureaucracy and the world economic crisis.

Keywords: entrepreneurship; entrepreneur; SMEs; business environment; entrepreneurial perception

Pages: 109-123 | Full text

Computational intelligence in environmental changes detection

Author: Silviu Ioan BEJINARIU

Abstract: Changes detection is helpful in determining strategies for natural resources management, environment monitoring, for urban development politics and also for natural disasters resilience and mitigation. Changes detection and monitoring involve the analysis of multi temporal data of different types, obtained from different sources, including common databases, aerial or satellite images and old printed topographical maps. In populated areas, the changes are easily observed and analyzed, but for inaccessible areas, like forested mountain areas, the automatic analysis based on remote sensing imagery is required. Also, some features of the land, like type of soil, land cover type or humidity, are not perceptible by the human eye, so, multispectral images must be used for an accurate analysis of the studied area. In this paper we propose a strategy for environmental changes detection based on multispectral images.

Keywords: change detection; image fusion; multispectral image; feature detection

Pages: 3-12 | Full text

Analysis of uncertainty in implementing a FES exoskeleton system using elementary fuzzy numbers

Author: Claudiu Sergiu HÂRTOPANU

Abstract: We intend to build a system for the rehabilitation of the upper limb in people who have suffered a stroke. This study shows an analysis of the uncertainty in developing a FES-Exoskeleton system using elementary fuzzy numbers. Uncertainty is a term that includes both negative and positive aspects, and that is why we can differentiate it from the risk.

Keywords: uncertainty; analysis; fuzzy number; method

Pages: 13-22 | Full text

Entrepreneurial potentialities in Europe: Italy in comparison to other countries

Author: Mario G. R. PAGLIACCI

Abstract: Entrepreneurship is an important driver of development, employment and productivity. Economic system in modern and developped countries is founded on a dynamic “entrepreneurial system”, where innovation plays the role of main driver of economy and society. First part of the paper intends to analyze the structure of REDI index elaborated by a team of experts for measuring entrepreneurship in 125 macro-regions of European Union. This index has the objective of capturing differences in the quality of entrepreneurial activity, taking in account the different environmental factors. Second part of the paper is dedicated to a comparative analysis of the REDI index calculated for Italian macro-regions and Romanian ones. Finally, several on field researches are utilized in order to analyze the characteristics of Italian entrepreneurial situation.

Keywords: entrepreneurship; innovation; REDI index; entrepreneurial park; Italian human capital; Italian social capital; Italian creativity

Pages: 23-46 | Full text

Civil company and family–work harmonization

Author: Cristina MONTESI

Abstract: The problem of family-work harmonization is increasingly being debated at political, social, economic level because it is strategic for the future of both family and company. In fact from working conditions depends the ability to provide adequate household income, along with a good quality of life for all its members (even though family economic well-being is not very often associated to family happiness). The benefits of happy families are reflected in turn also on the growth of a given territory, because families (primary social capital) contribute to collective social capital (secondary social capital), which is strategical for the development of an area. Then it is important that companies undertake, in a way consistent with their own financial and organizational resources, the creation of corporate welfare, serving as a bridge between business and family and helping the harmonization of the two spheres and the recomposition of their complicated relationship.

Keywords: family–work harmonization; corporate welfare; civil company

Pages: 47-66 | Full text

Innovative activities of travel companies

Author: Gabriela BOLDUREANU

Abstract: The development of tourism was done predominantly through product innovation, process innovation, marketing and organizational innovations, new practices of human resources, new approaches to the tourist. Following inductive and deductive approach on innovative activities in tourism we concluded that regional, local and tourism companies in Romania must be oriented to the innovative products and services, which will attract new tourists and they will improve the economic performance of enterprises.

Keywords: innovation; innovation activity; tourism

Pages: 67-74 | Full text

Projects in heritage tourism development: An integrative approach

Authors: Irina Teodora MANOLESCU, Mioara BORZA

Abstract: It is not new that cultural tourism, based on heritage elements, represents a strategic orientation for the economies of many countries, including the emerging ones. The problem that prevalently occurs is the operationalization of this strategic direction and finding the most appropriate ways to generate sustainable initiatives in this field. For the touristic valorisation of the cultural heritage, extremely diverse projects are being initiated and supported. The success of these projects, seen in the light of the approach sustainability, is decisively determined by a series of correlated factors that can be customized for each project. Our approach is integrator and is based on the following information: the use of a multi-player model with the identification of the role and types of actions specific to each party involved; sequentiality, by taking into consideration the on-going stages of the project, the catalysts and their constraints; vertical integration, by analyzing in tandem the strategic, tactical and operational factors; the temporal comparative analysis by highlighting the evolution in time of the strategic pillars, the constraints and problems specific to the cultural tourism. Our study, based on a qualitative research, aims to highlight the catalysts and the main constraints in the operationalization of the development strategies of the cultural heritage tourism and the formulation of actions intended to support this process. The paper is structured as follows: highlighting in a comparative manner the strategic directions related to development of tourism sector, and especially for one of its branches – the cultural heritage, the main types of projects that sustain the development in this area, the analysis of relevant impact factors and the presentation of specific recommendations. The conclusions show the importance of a long-term, participative regulation framework in the touristic valorisation of heritage resources.

Keywords: strategy; project; resource; heritage tourism

Pages: 75-86 | Full text

Premises for creating the database and knowledge base of an expert system for dynamic management of renewable energy resources under uncertainty conditions

Author: Ion ANTONESCU

Abstract: The paper presents the concepts and methods for the design and generation of the database and knowledge base of an expert system aimed to help the manager to trigger optimal decisions to economic and technical problems in the field of renewable energy under uncertainty and risk conditions. The database structure, the necessary fields and the data sources for renewable and non-renewable energy sources and generators are presented. The structure of the knowledge base and some decision methods and techniques used by the inference engine in order to connect the database and the knowledge base for generation of an optimal decision are also depicted.

Keywords: renewable energy; database; knowledge base; expert system; dynamic management

Pages: 87-94 | Full text

HR systems within Romanian cultural context

Author: Carmen Claudia ARUȘTEI

Abstract: In order to prove the influence of human resource management on organizational performance the research in the field developed the construct of human resource system (HR system). Typologies have emerged as well as the questions like: which typology can predict best the organizational performance or which practices are implemented for each typology. This paper presents the most common HR systems and identifies the ones approached by two large organizations from Romania. The case study is focused on differentiation between employees’ groups and industry. Some cultural aspects are also introduced.

Keywords: HR system; typology; case study; cultural context; Romania

Pages: 95-104 | Full text

Characteristics of the labour market in Kosovo and Europe

Author: Artan HAZIRI

Abstract: The level of economic development of Kosovo is reflected in a delay of many economic parameters in place which results even in the strangulation of the labour market as the biggest challenge in Kosovo. Would not mind that the most worrying aspect of the labour market in Kosovo is the high unemployment rate which reflects the numerous problems in Kosovo society. The labour market in Kosovo was consistently followed by a different set of anomalies which have led to the raising concerns of the Kosovo population which are reflected not only by the unemployed, but also the active part of the population which in the absence of functioning of the collective contract, failure of unions, low average wage and a series of violations of workers’ rights more and more is undergoing development gap in the labour market. Kosovo is the highest rate of unemployment in the region which is around 50%. And when we consider the composition of contingent labour, such as very young population which annually makes contingent labour increases in parallel with this also increases the rate of demand for labour and immigration as the feature itself, then the approach should become much more serious. The statistical data show that unemployment is the highest in young persons (16-24 years), this age includes about 40% of the total number of unemployed. Also, the unemployment rate appears too high even to women though are not very active. Viewing these data mean that unemployment in Kosovo is mostly a long term and it is estimated that about 80% of the unemployed are long-term unemployed for more than 12 months. This condition appears as unemployment will remain for a long time the main challenges of the economy and society in general.

Keywords: unemployment; employment policy; work force; labour market; SOK

Pages: 105-113 | Full text

Using fuzzy numbers in factors evaluation development of livestock farms in North-East Romania

Author: Dan Constantin ȘUMOVSCHI

Abstract: The attention given to the cattle/ cow breeding and exploitation derives from the capacity of producing one of the most important and complex food: milk and dairy products. Generally, animal breeding and particularly, cattle breeding come with serious structural issues due to the excessive fragmentation of the property, low levels of productivity and last, but not least, to the high values recorded by the self-consumption within the farms. All these difficulties were mirrored by the dramatic decrease in the livestock registered between 1990 and 2013, from 6.3 million to merely 2 million cattle. However the dynamics of milk production recorded values inversely proportional to the livestock dynamics as the medium production obtained increased from 2.063 l per cow fed in 1990 to 3.529 l per cow fed in 2013.

Keywords: livestock farm; North-East Region; PEST analysis; fuzzy number; uncertainty analysis; global unit method; maximax method; Wald method

Pages: 114-127 | Full text

The accuracy of macroeconomic forecasts based on Bayesian vector autoregressive models: Comparative analysis Romania – Poland

Authors: Mihaela SIMIONESCU, Yuriy BILAN

Abstract: The aim of this research is to make predictions for macroeconomic variables like inflation rate, unemployment rate and exchange rate for Romania and Poland using BVAR models. The one-step-ahead forecasts cover the horizon 2011-2013. Direct forecasts were developed using three types of priors for data covering the period from 1990 to 2012: Minnesota priors, non-informative priors and natural conjugate priors. The forecasts’ accuracy assessment based on generalized forecast error of second moment put in evidence the superiority of Poland’s predictions based on a BVAR(2) model, compared to Romania’s ones based on a BVAR(4) model for differenced and stationary data series. For inflation rate the forecasts are rather inaccurate, but for Poland the Minnesota priors and for Romania the non-informative priors determined the most accurate predictions for unemployment rate and exchange rate on the horizon 2011-2012. It is very likely that these types of priors generate the best forecasts in 2013.

Keywords: BVAR model; forecast accuracy; likelihood function; Minnesota prior; non-informative prior; natural conjugate prior

Pages: 5-10 | Full text

The evolution of integration phenomenon in Latin America (South America)

Authors: Emilian M. DOBRESCU, Edith Mihaela DOBRE, Andrey PYATAKOV

Abstract: With the end of the Cold War, the creation of a South American economic space has become an important priority of regional powers (Brazil, Argentina, Chile), and the great powers after the war, the U.S. and the European Union (the current name). This integration process has had particular features derived from characteristics of Latin American countries. Multitude of organizations integrative role once again demonstrates the specificity of this process in Latin America to other areas of the world: Africa, Asia, Europe, etc. Contradictory developments phenomenon / Latin American integration process gives substance its characteristic and I will make, probably deeply and future.

Keywords: ALBA; CELAC; ALENA; CARICOM; Latin American integration; MCCA; MERCOSUR; Andean Pact; South American integration; UNASUR; Free Trade Area of the Americas

Pages: 11-17 | Full text

Rural tourism: Experiences of Croatia

Author: Damir DEMONJA

Abstract: Rural tourism is an important factor in the activation and sustainable development of rural areas. Its importance is primarily reflected in the very important interaction between agricultural production, production of traditional products, conservation of cultivated landscape, presentation of traditions and cultural specificities, traditional gastronomy and tourist services, and the use of existing resources. It helps to preserve the local identity, tradition and customs, protecting thus the environment, strengthening the indigenous, traditional and organic production, and supporting the development of rural areas based on sustainable development. Rural space in Croatia occupies 91,6% of its surface and is characterized by a large geographical and social diversity, which is a huge potential for rural tourism. Rural tourism in Croatia, as a special form of tourism in rural areas, which with their natural and cultural resources are base for the development of quality tourism offer, began to develop in recent times and it has less importance than the maritime tourism. This paper provides an overview of the current state of rural tourism in Croatia: distinguishes and analyzes prerequisites for its development, presents and comments state, facilities and capacities, and tourist traffic of rural tourism in Croatia, and proposes ways for its further development.

Keywords: Croatia; rural tourism; development; state; facilities; capacity; tourist traffic; prerequisite

Pages: 19-42 | Full text

Ethics in marketing

Author: Cătălina LACHE

Abstract: The consumption is a mass phenomenon whose evolution is closely related to the economical and social evolution. During the past decades unprecedented changes took place regarding the share of the volume of products/ services in the structure of the consumption, the means of information and their acquisition, the elimination of the national borders constraints due to globalization, e commerce, e-marketing, internationalization of production and consumption. Under these conditions of global competition, the necessity of monitoring the observance of the ethical principles of marketing, in the current practices of informing the potential clients, of promoting the products and services, popularizing the offers etc, have led to the appearance of consumer protection associations and of goverment bodies which have imposed an ethical code and a legislation for the protection of the fundamental rights and liberties of the citizens as consumers. The Romanian legislation is currently harmonized and consistent with the one protecting the consumers of the European Union. But the problem of respecting the ethical principles in commercial and marketing practices is deficient in Romania, where the rules are often violated. The article presents the legislative harmonization of Romanian consumers’ rights protection, and a case study regarding the observance of ethics in marketing practices and commercial activities.

Keywords: marketing ethical principle; marketing practice; consumer rights; protection

Pages: 43-58 | Full text

Social economy: A solution to the labor market inclusion

Author: Raluca Ana-Maria DUMITRU

Abstract: EU social economy takes a wide variety of national, regional, local, which does not prevent the formation of networks of social economy enterprises cooperation at national and European level. The dominant principle of social economy institutions is increasing scope of social responsibility policies to promote social cohesion, building stable community solidarity and a new moral model oriented towards developing an inclusive society.

Keywords: social economy; social inclusion; labor market; sustainable development; economic crisis

Pages: 59-68 | Full text

Worldwide trade policies for the cultural sector

Author: Eugeniu POPA

Abstract: The international cultural trade is a topic that causes hot disputes between countries and even integrationist organizations. The main cause is the different approach toward the value and the role of the cultural goods and services. On the one hand, there is the protectionism, supported by Canada and France, which demand movie industries, broadcasting and magazines to be treated separately from the other services, because an uncontrolled external flow could damage the national identity. On the other hand, the American liberalism promotes the idea that these products and services have to submit to the general trade agreements because an additional intervention would infringe the free competition, that is one of the main principles of a capitalist economy. The two main international organizations that regulate the cultural trade, from different points of view are the WTO and UNESCO.

Keywords: international trade; culture; barrier; liberalism; protectionism

Pages: 69-76 | Full text

Perspectives regarding strategic dynamics in modern organizations

Authors: Camelia BĂEȘU, Ruxandra BEJINARU

Abstract: In order to achieve the objectives in terms of profitability, for modern organizations, the formulation of a proper economic strategy must take into account mainly the domestic and international conditions on which change periodically leaves its mark. This paper captures the role of strategies in the evolution of modern organizations. To ensure market competitiveness requires that companies identify strategies that can ensure their leading position. In this context it is necessary to take into account changes that may affect the internal and external environment of organizations. At the level of top enterprises and organizations (holding companies, corporations, national or multinational companies) economic strategies are characterized by the fact that the overall objective are set on large time horizons for defining economic sectors and areas where businesses operate in general and the distribution of resources on the various component units. The ultimate goal of organizational change is the success, that is a better fit between the organization and the environment in which evolves.

Keywords: modern organization; change strategy; knowledge; resource; know-how

Pages: 77-82 | Full text

Romania’s regionalization project

Author: Paul LUCIAN

Abstract: Article 235, paragraph I of the Treaty of Rome provide insight for reducing disparities between the regions of the Member States. The Maastricht Treaty introduced the concept of economic and social conditions that have to be met by those who receive financial aid from the European Union, in order to alleviate regional disparities. The Regional Policy is a common policy developed by the European Union. The E.U. is the strongest international regional organization to date; regional disparities have increased after the enlargement towards Central and Eastern Europe. Common regional policy means the transfer of competence in terms of economic and social development, from central to local level. Romania is facing the most serious regional disparities in Europe and seeks to mitigate their needs of capital inflows or foreign investment, funding from foreign banks, foreign workers from abroad through European funds. Due to the current economic and financial crisis, the only solution is the absorption of European funds. For efficient absorption of EU funds it is necessary to complete the process of regionalization, meaning the division of the country in 10 region, one of which is Sibiu region.

Keywords: structural fund; regional cohesion; economic cohesion; social cohesion; financial year; common regional policy

Pages: 83-89 | Full text

On justification of legal decisions: Efficiency or correctness?

Author: Vihren BOUZOV

Abstract: Certain epistemological, logical and social problems of the justification of legal decisions are analyzed in this paper. The thesis is upheld that their efficiency is more important than logical correctness or objective truth – with efficiency having procedural, moral and economic dimensions. There are two main types of legal decisions – establishment of empirical facts and classification of actions under certain norms. The establishment of empirical facts is faced up with the problem of objectivity of knowledge. Certain specific features of judicial knowledge make it differ from scientific knowledge. There exists an objective duality of institutions of judicial evidence and legal decision-making. The search for material truth is its main task according to the rules of procedure. It relies on established empirical facts and not only on interpretation and language context. But it is possible to have a logically correct decision that is not truth. The results of court proceedings come up as arguments in a reasoning game. Objective truth and creativity are indispensable in the court game. It is impermissible to go beyond its rules: they are enacted in texts of law. Some arguments are forwarded saying that court cases have not only one correct decision. Several competing correct (“right”) solutions can be in clash in a given court game within a framework defined by existing rules of procedure. Very important is the economic aspect of a case – it can be successfully analyzed by means of the decision theoretic methodology of the Law and Economics School.

Keywords: decision theory; Law and Economics School; legal decision; efficiency; correctness

Pages: 91-97 | Full text

Human resources in the European market in the past decade

Authors: Ahmet ECIRLI, Edith Mihaela DOBRE, Emilian M. DOBRESCU

Abstract: European market is known to pay particular importance to characteristics of human resources in the past decade. It is well known that these features such as unemployment rate caused deep economic and social crisis encountered in the EU member countries by the end of the last decade and continues today in most of them. The forecasts of the experts stating that the crisis will last 5 to 7 years has been considered promising but with suspicion. That is why it is extremely important that policy-makers should not lose sight in making economic, social and political decisions where the balance is always fragile in terms of interdependence of the labor market.

Keywords: European market; human resource; monthly salary; employee number; purchasing power parity (PPP); relocation–outsourcing; unemployment rate

Pages: 99-108 | Full text

Epistemic analysis of methods using elementary triangular fuzzy numbers with associated indicators

Author: Ciprian Ionel ALECU

Abstract: The current scientific research is characterized by an advanced specialization, emphasis on increasing fragmentation of research topics. In these conditions, the most results have a low degree of comparability and complexity of the subject studied is drastically reduced. In this paper we propose an epistemic approach of the main methodologies for the quantification using triangular fuzzy numbers, emphasizing the possibilities of knowing the limits and influences entailed by the use of current techniques and the theoretical contingencies. By using indicators of centers of weight associated to fuzzy number, we try to bring into question, through a multidisciplinary approach, the new possibilities of develop and complete the portfolio of instruments which can be used for decision-making.

Keywords: triangular fuzzy number; center of weight indicator associated with fuzzy number; decision-making

Pages: 5-12 | Full text

Conceptual delimitations regarding the terminology used in the methods of investigating the future paper title

Authors: Ciprian Ionel TURTUREAN, Iuliana SPIRIDON, Carmen PINTILESCU, Dănut Vasile JEMNA

Abstract: The authors propose the conceptual delimitation regarding the terminology used in the methods of investigating the future on the basis of a set of 7 variables. To this end, the hierarchical clusters’ method will be used. The outcome of the research will be presented under the form of some clusters of terms with homogeneous meanings, almost synonyms, that would constitute the conceptual delimitation of the terms.

Keywords: conceptual delimitation; anticipated future; cluster method

Pages: 13-20 | Full text

Bridging knowledge to the market: An innovative approach for an innovative development

Authors: Alessia MELASECCHE GERMINI, Andrea Di ANSELMO, Nina MAZGAN

Abstract: We live in a world of constant development, growth, innovation and changing needs and nonetheless cultural habits. How to sustain this constant change and how to adapt to globalisation, technological change and constant creativity and innovativeness of key human resources inside larger corporations as well as knowledge institutions is answering the concept of corporate entrepreneurship, new ventures and academic spinoff creation. Article will show the trend in the field of new venture and academic spin-off creation, involving human and social capital as key success factors. Barriers and innovative solutions will be presented on how to overcome the issue of lacking cooperation between academia and industry. Relevant best practices and experiences will be presented to be discussed as opportunities that can find the place in the already existing mstrengths of Slovenia and its entrepreneurial development and regional growth.

Keywords: academic spin-off; early-stage financing; knowledge-intensive region; knowledge-intensive Company; new venture

Pages: 21-27 | Full text

The present approaches of Slovak enterprises to sales in B to B market

Authors: Jaroslav KITA, Marta GROSSMANOVÁ, Pavol KITA

Abstract: The recent industrial enterprises in the territory of Slovakia are permanently facing the environment changes and rapid turns in their development cycle. The enterprises meeting the new challenges which result from the growing competition pressure, openess of markets and globalization make also the sales sphere present the proofs of real estimation of situation and dispose with the ability to gain and transform the existing customers of industrial enterprises to loyal partners. The requirements concerning the sales have changed due to the growing demanding character of of customers. The aim of the article is to characterize the selected dimensions of sales marketing and its development tendencies on the basis of the data got in the market research from the point of view of sales managers of industrial enterprises functioning in different branches. The article consists of two parts. The first part represents a theoretical framework of the sales problems. The second part is based on the research results in the sphere of production enterprises with the aim to better understand the customer-supplier relationship. This analysis enables us to identify the development tendencies of sales marketing.

Keywords: sales marketing; B to B market; customer–supplier relationship

Pages: 29-36 | Full text

Coping strategies: Modern solutions for increasing the efficiency of highly professionalized human resources

Author: Iulian MITUȚ

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the importance of coping strategies on the perception of occupational stress and staff satisfaction with the organization within a stressful environment like that of a military-type of organization. In the theoretical part of this study we have addressed the following issues: organizational usefulness of personal coping strategies in human resource streamlining process, the role of individual characteristics in coping development and the manner of designing / strategic use of the coping. The main objectives of this research are: 1) analyze the perception on occupational stress in the military employees depending in their coping skills development and 2) assess the impact of coping upon staff satisfaction with the organization. For this study we have used 60 subjects (executives in the same department) and organized them into two groups of 30 subjects each. For the first group we have held for one whole week daily training and coaching sessions on coping strategy design and application. Two weeks after the last training session, subjects of both groups were assessed by means of the occupational stress indicator, which has been adapted to the purpose and the environment covered by this research, with observations collected and analyzed in terms of frequency and correlation for each group. The comparative analysis of the observations obtained from the two study groups (trained and untrained) has revealed that the use of coping strategies will lower the intensity of personal and occupational stress while increasing satisfaction with the organization, leading to increased ability of the staff to concentrate and act. The study of coping skills in an occupational environment characterized by diversity of activities, extremely high expectations and the large size of the organization enables the formulation of conclusions regarding the influence of personal coping strategies on demanding and highly professionalized organizational environments.

Keywords: occupational stress; coping strategy; organizational crisis; human resource; professional efficiency

Pages: 37-48 | Full text

Impact on the fate of the Eurozone economy

Authors: Moise CÎNDEA, Gabriela CIURARIU

Abstract: Regarding the impact of EMU on euro area firms’ competitiveness and their capacity to play an important role in international markets, recent research indicates Euro contribution to increasing the competitiveness of firms by facilitating trade between countries in the eurozone and by promoting the single market integration EU. Euro zone countries are considered to be the best export base, attracting a larger number of companies from neighboring countries. Euro area enlargement and better integrate it, in addition to allowing firms to diversify their operations to lower marginal costs, also tend to be more closely associated with competition and thus a higher variety of products, higher productivity and lower prices.

Keywords: competitiveness; financial integration; market integration; foreign direct investment

Pages: 49-57 | Full text

Impact of global economic crisis on international and national turism

Authors: Gica Gherghina CULIȚĂ, Florentina MĂRGĂRIT

Abstract: The economic crisis is one of the most important events of the last period and it was felt in every economic sector of each country. Tourism, as an important sector of the economies, was affected too. Lack bugets made hole in the economy, population has dropped resigned and expensive trips or long vacations. Such revenues began to decline. We present in paper a top job of countries that have experienced crisis in the tourism sector, making the current fall in income to foreign tourists, but also a ranking of countries remaining interest news, such as France or Italy, which recorded continuously an explosive number of tourists. As for Romania, we could only appreciate how expensive it is a brand of tourism, lack of promotion originialitate and inadequate, making a comparison with the beauty of the country, which leaves the impression that there really are unique travels, wild places and experiences full satisfaction. We tried to outline all aspects of tourism attributes on global economic crisis, hoping to make it available on.

Keywords: tourism; global crisis; decrease; country; economic

Pages: 59-63 | Full text

Assuring company’s performance and financial equilibrium in the crisis context

Author: Dumitru BUCĂTARU

Abstract: This paper aims at highlighting the important role of the equity capital, on the one hand in achieving enough financial results, both for the compensation of the owners as expected and for the solid development of the company and, on the other hand, in ensuring a high protection against risks, especially against the risk of bankruptcy and also against the financial risk. The study which has been conducted highlights the fact that companies that have a high equity capital fulfill more successfully the two objectives of the company’s financial management compared to those that excessively resort to loans.

Keywords: company financial management; equity capital; profitability; financial risk; bankruptcy risk

Pages: 65-72 | Full text

Approach regarding the influence of business ethics on corporate governance

Author: Alexandru TRIFU

Abstract: We may affirm that there is a cost for those who choose to live ethically in the midst of a world where fraud, tampering, theft, industrial espionage, corruption, bribes, conspiracy, tax evasion, embezzlement and unfair competition proliferate. The issue of business ethics has gained great relevance today, not only from research or journals that have proliferated views on this subject, but also because the economic and business reality itself shows it almost daily in the media. Both from the political and economic perspective, social responsibilities, the headlines on benefits due to fraud, bribery, corruption, privileges, unfair competition, have had as a result in many European countries the claim that somehow a stop should be put to these problems, which have irrupted heavily for several decades. Business ethics need not be a brake on economic benefit of companies, but it gives the business organization, even by using an Ethical Code, the social legitimacy it needs to be able to operate on the natural and business environment. The attitude of a company’s senior management that reflects the observance of the business ethics both by the managers’ own actions and by the policies applied within the company, by the decisions that are made, and the tasks that are set, by the adopted policies and the way in which the disciplinary sanctions and regulations are highly important for a clear grasp of the role played by ethics in business and regarding the good functioning of an organization.

Keywords: ethics; fraud; management; social responsibility

Pages: 73-77 | Full text

Why foresight? The impact of resource consumption and technology on the ability to foresight the future

Author: Ciprian Ionel TURTUREAN

Abstract: In this article we attempt at providing evolution of the resource consumption (RC) which meets the needs of a modern society. In analyzing the impact of resources consumption and technologies to meets the needs, over the possibility of anticipating the future is necessary to establish patterns based on past information. On those information, we can say that RC evolution between the α and Ώ moments follows a logistic curve. Based on the graphic representation of the RC evolution, we can identify four different phases, with specific characteristics. Each phase will be the basis for building a pattern of RC evolution. For each of the four patterns we analytically present the risks of performing an exercise of future’s anticipation. The analysis indicates that currently, the forecasts lose representativeness and becomes less important compared with the foresight. The foresight, through its features, answers much better the needs to anticipate the future evolution of the society, compared to the forecast. Foresight exercises are offensive compared to the defensive nature of forecast exercises. The foresight exercise specialist is not just a spectator to the evolution of the phenomenon, as in the forecast’s case, but is involved in making and implementing decisions. Foresight exercises, although not able to generate accurate projections of the future, will help to correlate the current technologies with the future needs of society.

Keywords: resource consumption; technology; foresight; future foresight possibility

Pages: 79-85 | Full text

Changing organizational culture in terms of information and communication technologies

Authors: Gabriela BOLDUREANU, Daniel BOLDUREANU, Teodor PĂDURARU, Nicoleta NICULESCU

Abstract: Organizational change can be considered a genuine moment of evolution and development of the entire organization and decision of change is closely related to the company’s mission, the objectives that wish to achieve in order to ensure their competitive advantage. At the same time, information and communication technologies as well as growing competition, changes in both production methods and organizational structures of companies. New forms of organization and management models based on different concepts and skills involving clear needs of employees with new skills, new roles, behaviors and values. It appears, therefore, a new culture of the organization.

Keywords: organization; organizational culture; communication technology

Pages: 87-90 | Full text